Sui Dynasty Emperors of China

Sui Dynasty Emperors of China During its short reign, Chinas Sui Dynasty reunited northern and southern China for the first time since the days of the early Han Dynasty  (206 BCE - 220 CE). China had been mired in the instability of the Southern and Northern Dynasties period until it was unified by Emperor Wen of Sui.  He ruled from the traditional capital at Changan (now called Xian), which the Sui renamed Daxing for the first 25 years of their reign, and then Luoyang for the last 10 years. Accomplishments of the Sui Dynasty The Sui Dynasty brought a great number of improvements and innovation to its Chinese subjects.  In the north, it resumed work on the crumbling Great Wall of China, extending the wall and shoring up the original sections as a hedge against nomadic Central Asians.  It also conquered northern Vietnam, bringing it back under Chinese control. In addition, Emperor Yang ordered the construction of the Grand Canal, linking Hangzhou to Yangzhou and north to the Luoyang region.  Although these improvements may have been necessary, of course, they required a huge amount of tax money and compulsory labor from the peasantry, which made the Sui Dynasty less popular than it might otherwise have been. In addition to these large-scale infrastructure projects, the Sui also reformed the land-ownership system in China. Under the Northern Dynasties, aristocrats had amassed large tracts of agricultural land, which was then worked by tenant farmers.  The Sui government confiscated all of the lands, and redistributed it evenly to all of the farmers in what is called the equal field system.  Each able-bodied male received about 2.7 acres of land, and able-bodied women received a smaller share.  This boosted the Sui Dynastys popularity somewhat among the peasant class but angered the aristocrats who were stripped of all their property.   Mysteries of the Time and Culture The second ruler of Sui, Emperor Yang, may or may not have had his father murdered.  In any case, he returned the Chinese government to the Civil Service Examination system, based on the work of Confucius.  This angered the nomadic allies that Emperor Wen had cultivated, because they did not have the tutoring system necessary to study Chinese classics, and thus were blocked from attaining government posts. Another cultural innovation of the Sui era as the governments encouragement of the spread of Buddhism.  This new religion had recently moved into China from the west, and the Sui rulers Emperor Wen and his empress converted to the Buddhism before the conquest of the south.  In 601 CE, the emperor distributed relicts of the Buddha to temples around China, following in the tradition of Emperor Ashoka of Mauryan India. The Short Run of Power In the end, the Sui Dynasty only held on to power for about 40 years.  In addition to angering every one of its constituent groups with the different policies mentioned above, the young empire bankrupted itself with an ill-planned invasion of the Goguryeo Kingdom, on the Korean Peninsula.  Before long, men were crippling themselves to avoid being conscripted into the army and sent to Korea.  The huge cost in money and in men killed or injured proved the Sui Dynastys undoing.   After Emperor Yangs assassination in 617 CE, three additional emperors ruled over the next year and a half as the Sui Dynasty crumbled and fell. The Sui Dynasty Emperors of China Emperor Wen, personal name Yang Jian, the Kaihuang Emperor, ruled 581-604Emperor Yang, personal name Yang Guang, the Daye Emperor, r. 604-617Emperor Gong, personal name Yang You, the Yining Emperor, r. 617-618Yang Hao, no era name, r. 618Emperor Gong II, Yang Tong, the Huangtai Emperor, r. 618-619 For more information, see the complete list of Chinese dynasties.

Using Command-Line Arguments in Java

Using Command-Line Arguments in Java Command-line arguments can be a way of specifying configuration properties for an application, and Java is no different. Instead of clicking on an application icon from the operating system, you can run the Java application  from a terminal window. Along with the application name, a number of arguments can follow which are then passed to the applications starting point (i.e., the main method, in the case of Java). For example, NetBeans has a number of startup parameters that can be passed to the application when it is run from a terminal window (e.g., specifies a version of the JDK to be used instead of the default JDK associated with the NetBeans application). The Main Method Lets examine the main method  to see where the arguments passed to an application appear: The command-line arguments can be found in the called For example, lets consider an application called whose only action is to print out the command-line arguments passed to it: public class CommandLineArgs {   Ã‚  Ã‚  public static void main(String[] args) {//check to see if the String array is emptyif (args.length 0){System.out.println(There were no commandline arguments passed!);}   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //For each String in the String array//print out the String.for(String argument: args){System.out.println(argument);}}}   Syntax of Command Line Arguments The Java Runtime Engine (JRE) expects arguments to be passed following a particular syntax, like so: java ProgramName value1 value2 Above, java invokes the JRE, which is followed by the name of the program you are calling. These are followed by any arguments to the program. There is no limit to the number of arguments a program can take, but the order is critical. The JRE passes the arguments in the order in which they appear on the command line.  For example, consider this code snippet from above: public class CommandLineArgs2 {​   Ã‚  Ã‚  public static void main(String[] args) {if (args.length 0){System.out.println(There were no commandline arguments passed!);} When arguments are passed to a Java program, args[0] is the first element of the array (value1 above), args[1] is the second element (value2), and so on. The code args.length() defines the length of the array. Passing Command-Line Arguments In NetBeans, we can pass command-line arguments without having to build the application and run it from a terminal window. To specify the command-line arguments: Right-click on the project folder in the Projects window.Choose the Properties option to  open  Project Properties window.  In the Categories list on the right-hand side, choose RunIn the Arguments textbox that appears, specify the command-line arguments you want to pass to the application. For example, if we enter Apple Banana Carrot in the Arguments textbox and run the CommandLineArgs program listed above, we will get the output: Parsing the Command-Line Arguments Typically, a command line argument is passed with some information about what to do with the value being passed. The argument informing the application what the argument is for typically has a hyphen or two before its name. For example, the NetBeans example for the startup parameter specifying the JDK path is This means youll need to parse the command-line arguments to figure out what to do with the values. There are several Java command-line frameworks for parsing command-line arguments. Or you could write a simple command-line parser if the arguments you need to pass are not that many: The code above either prints the arguments or add them together if they are integers. For example, this command line argument would add the numbers: java CommandLineArgs -addnumbers 11 22 33 44

The Developing Manager (Tourism Management) Essay

The Developing Manager (Tourism Management) - Essay Example Travel & Tourism business is known for its potential and peculiarities. This industry is very much dependent on a range of factors like economic, socio-cultural and environmental. The behavioural aspect holds key to the overall character of the organisation. Clouds Tours and Travel is a group of companies having six tour agencies, serving customers in different segments. In this type of business, customer loyalty is very important as the existing customers serve as the brand ambassadors for the company and its services. The role of leadership therefore becomes very crucial in devising strategies for the achievement of developmental goals of the company. Leadership is something which allows an individual or an organization to lead. Leadership qualities are not just an asset for the individual, but it also helps other members of the organisation or the team. If the manager is found to adopt an aggressive and autocratic approach, as in case of the Clouds Tours and Travel, the company is bound to suffer in terms of a congenial working environment. Underlining the key differences in these two components Hodgson (1987) states that ‘Management is about doing things right, whereas leadership is about doing the right things’. Three main styles of management are defined as1; Autocratic: Managers with this style prefer to have their way and they are least bothered about the suggestions of others around. Managers in Clouds Tours and Travel seem to believe in this type of management only, which is resulting in lot disgruntlement amongst the subordinates. Democratic: Managers with such style of management prefer to take the final decision after due consultation with others around. Their main line of action is to create some sort of unanimity in the final decision. It needs to be emphasised here that an effective manager is the one who holds a balanced mix of these three types of qualities. A number of

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Public Relations - Essay Example The advantage of magazines is that the public can read the information passed at their convenience time. The disadvantage of magazines as a type of media is most people are not in a position to access the magazines because they are expensive to purchase. This is a type of media where the public relations practitioner uses a media where audio is transmitted in audios devices only, for example, radio. The advantage of audio media is that it reaches many people at the same time. The disadvantage being that at the time of broadcasting some of the public may not get the information passed (Graham & Monteith, 2011). These are small materials produced to pass information to the public. They are small informative documents that are mostly folded. An advantage of a brochure to the public relations practitioner is that they deliver more information than other types. The disadvantage of a brochure is that they require written and visual literacy. It is an audio-visual type of media where a public practitioner uses to reach the public and also entertain them too. An advantage being that it helps create awareness generates interest and excitement. A disadvantage being that they are expensive to advertise on (Sandra, 2007). This is a type of media where several web pages are created to form a website. It is only accessible on the internet. An organization creates a website and the public relations practitioner keeps posting information on it for the public to the reader when they access it.

Drug Addiction Essay Example for Free

Drug Addiction Essay Drug addiction is a dependence on an illegal drug or medication. Many people confuse it with drug dependency, which is when a person needs a drug to function normally. The difference between drug addiction and drug dependence is drug dependence is when a person needs a drug to function normally, like some blood pressure medications can cause a physical dependence, but the person is not addicted to the drug. A person can have a physical dependence, but not be addicted. Many scientist believe that drug addiction is a brain disease, and this disease causes compulsive drug-seeking and use, despite the consequences that person may suffer. Taking a drug causes surges in your brain of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and transfers that impulse to another nerve fiber or some other structure. A â€Å"messenger of the brain. † Dopamine is in the mood-changing category of neurotransmitters. When dopamine surges in your brain, it causes immense pleasure. Your brain remembers this and wants more, and you are addicted. Dopamine is the reason some people over eat and are obese, and people are addicted to alcohol and drugs. Biological history of addiction, abuse or other scaring experiences in early childhood, mental disorders (such as depression) and early use of a drug are the reason some people get addicted, while others don’t. Many people start using drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, their friends do it, to improve athletic performance or to ease stress, anxiety or depression. Signs of drug addiction are when a person is neglecting their responsibilities, depression, drowsiness, poor memory. Teen drug addictions symptoms may be problems at school, physical health issues, neglected appearance, changes in behavior and / or spending money. All different types of drugs have different symptoms. Marijuana symptoms are red eyes, decreased coordination, poor memory, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating and slowed reaction time. Barbiturates and benzodiazepine symptoms include dizziness, slurred speech, confusion and slowed breathing and increased blood ressured. Cocaine and other stimulant use symptoms are decreased appetite, rapid speech, irritability, weight loss, restlessness, and increased heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. â€Å"Club Drug† signs are exaggerated happiness or well-being, reduced inhabitations, heightened or changed sense of sight, sound and taste and drowsiness or loss of consciousness. Hallucinogens, which I think are the scariest, can cause hallucinations, tremors, permanent mental changes in perception and flash-backs to the hallucinations, even years and years later. Marijuana is the most popular drug that people are addicted to. The use of marijuana has more than tripled among 18-20 year olds since 1984. And the addiction age for marijuana is getting younger. Of Americans ages 12 and older an estimated 41% have smoked marijuana at least once. Around 16% people in the U. S smoke marijuana on a daily basis. Many people believe that â€Å"weed† isn’t addictive or harmful, but the truth it is addictive and harmful. There is an estimated 16 million drug users in America. Of the 5. million marijuana smokers in America, more that 62% are addicted. Of teenagers in treatment, 60% have primary marijuana diagnosis. Emergency Room visits caused by marijuana since 1994 has risen 176%, and now surpass visits caused by heroin. And marijuana is also harmful because it is a proven fact that marijuana and violence are linked. People who smoke marijuana weekly are four times more likely to engage in violent activity. Marijuana is a gateway drug. Of d rug abusers, 99% start by smoking marijuana. People who smoke marijuana are eight times more likely to have used cocaine, 15 times more likely to have used heroin and 5 times more likely to develop a need for treatment. Cigarettes also pose a huge problem. The estimated world’s population is 6. 5 billion, and of that, more than 1. 3 billion people (about 1/5 the world’s population) smoke tobacco cigarettes regularly. Tobacco contains a very addictive and dangerous drug called nicotine. Nicotine in through the lungs into the bloodstream, then into the brain, making the smoker feel relaxed yet alert. Nicotine is the reason 7 out of 10 smokers want to quit, but can’t, because they are addicted to the nicotine. Scientists believe by 2050, 400-500 million more people will smoke cigarettes. That’s a scary thought, considering that right now 1,200 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses. For women who are addicted to a drug, it increases risk for anemia, blood, heart and skin infections and hepatitis. It also increases the risk of STDs. It is dangerous for a pregnant woman to use drugs because most drugs cross the placenta, and cause direct toxic/poisons effects and the child can be born with a drug addiction. The use of marijuana during pregnancy is linked to behavioral problems in the child. The use of cocaine during pregnancy can bring on premature delivery, or stillborn. Many people believe that overcoming drug addiction is just a matter of will power, but the truth is drug addictions alters the brain in ways that create powerful cravings and compulsion to use that drug. Drug addiction is a scary thing, and many people believe that once you are addicted, you can never recover because it is a brain disease. Yes, it’s a brain disease, but you can recover.

SouthWest Airlines :: essays research papers

According to their main website, their mission statement is, â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and company spirit.† This reveals Southwest’s true mission: To please their customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For their loyal customers, Southwest offers a â€Å"Rapid Rewards† program which gives the customers free tickets based on the number of times they fly with Southwest. Customers who make 8 round trips or 16 one-way trips receive a free ticket. Programs such as the â€Å"Frequent, Frequent Flyers-Companions Travel† offer a year of free trips to customers. Customers who make 50 round trips a year can designate someone to fly with the customer free of charge for an entire year. Award programs such as these show that they appreciate their loyal customers and that they are willing to take cuts, such as giving away free tickets, to prove to their customers that their patronage is valued.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another aspect of their great customer service is their online travel booking center. The customer can rent a car and make reservations at a hotel all online. This allows the customer to thoroughly plan their vacation or trip. Since Southwest was a relationship with Alamo, Budget, Dollar, and Hertz, customers have the ability to pick what kind of car they will get upon arrival. By making friendly relations with other companies Southwest is making their customers’ job easier by consolidating all the necessities of travel under one roof. This shows that Southwest is willing to go the extra mile for their customers and do more than just provide transportation by air, but also transportation by land, and also accommodations at hotels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a part of their â€Å"low fares, no frills† campaign, Southwest does not offer any in-flight meals to their customers. They believe that by offering the bare minimum, so they can offer low customer rates. However during the flight they do offer complementary juices, cold drinks, and nuts to the passengers. They also encourage the passengers to bring their own meals on board for their own pleasure and convenience. Actions like this show the honesty of Southwest Airlines. Although they could make a sizeable amount of revenue by offering in-flight meals, Southwest allows passengers to bring their own meals so that the customer saves money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A big part of Southwest’s game plan is cost reduction; this shows that Southwest is very customer-oriented.

Should Vietnam Concentrate on Tourism for its Economic Development?

Vietnam is in the republic of South East Asia, bordered by China on the north, by the South China Sea on the east and south, and by Cambodia and Laos on the west. Officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, its area is 331,690 sq km (128,066 sq mi). Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh City is the country's largest city. Ho Chi Minh is at the coordinates 106 degrees south, 10 degrees west on a map. There many ways in which the tourist industry would benefit Vietnam as a whole. Tourism, of course, makes a huge amount of money; it could be hundreds of millions every year. For example places like Barcelona have become huge, great cities full of people thanks to the money made from tourism. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy Tourism also creates lots of new jobs for the people living in the country and some people who will come to work in Vietnam from other countries. The new jobs will trickle right down to the farmers who grow the food for the people who sell food to the hotels. This means it will be very good for agriculture, giving farmers more money to buy more land and grow more crops. People who have jobs in other industries making products for MEDCs like workers in Pepsi factories, could easily switch to having an easier but better paid life in the tourist industry. Concentrating on tourism alone might still work for Vietnam. If the locals take part in planning and decision making, the tourists are responsible in Vietnam and the government sets policies and plans ahead for it then it could work quite well. But even if it does work then there will be some downsides. Tourists generally makes quite a lot of mess wherever they go, they can destroy some of the beautiful beaches and rainforests. The rainforests themselves will have to be cut through for new highways, towns and airports. With the new highways would, hundreds upon thousands of cars and trucks, which would eventually pollute the country, turning tourist away from it. The effect on the countries fishing industries could be catastrophic. The South China Sea could be way over-fished, so hotels and resorts would have to import fish, driving prices up and making the appeal of fresh fish vanish. The effect on individual families could be bad too; the father could have to move away to a bigger city, potentially leaving the family behind, splitting the family up. This could happen to thousands of families. If the tourist industry failed then the country would have nothing to fall back on, it would use up all its money and end up back at the start. Unfortunately, most of the money tourists spend in foreign countries is immediately used to import more food, equipment and resources for the hotels and nightclubs. This leaves little money left over for the local people and economy. In conclusion I think that Vietnam should seriously consider Tourism as a big part of their economy but I don't think that they should ignore everything else. If given the time, Vietnam could become just as unwieldy as Japan in the computer services/games industry or as big as America or Germany in the automotive industry. I think the best effect of tourism in Vietnam would be the huge amount of jobs it creates and could make thousands of informal jobs vanish for formal tourism jobs. The worst thing about tourism in Vietnam would be the huge amount of damage that would be inflicted on such a beautiful landscape thanks to all the cars, litter and sewage caused by the tourists. In other words tourism could be great for the country but disastrous as well. But I still think concentrating on tourism would be a bad idea for Vietnam's economy.

Infective Endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but potentially severe, life-threatening infection of the inner lining of the heart and the surface of valves known as the endocardium. If IE is left untreated, local tissue destruction occurs and heart valves become damaged due to pathogen invasion resulting in severe regurgitation of blood. Consequently, the heart becomes less proficient at pumping blood around the body which can lead to congestive heart failure that is the main cause of death from IE1. IE is a rare affecting around 1 in 30,000 individuals each year in England but is important as despite antimicrobial therapy, severe complications including stroke, heart failure or even death2. Delayed clinical diagnosis of IE is common as the initial symptoms such as fever and fatigue are varied and non-specific. Early diagnosis is crucial to enable faster treatment of IE critical for reducing morbidity and mortality. This review will discuss the aetiology and pathophysiology of IE alongside the standard procedures used for diagnosis. Aetiology of IE:IE is mostly caused by gram-positive cocci with Streptococci, Staphylococci and Enterococci which usually originate from oral, skin and gastrointestinal tract flora respectively, accounting for 85% of cases3,4. IE can also be caused by fungal infections such as Candida or Aspergillus colonising the endocardium5. Individuals at risk of include those that inject drugs or have a central venous catheter inserted as medical instruments can be infected by opportunistic pathogens, so manipulation of the skin disrupts the physical barrier allowing transient bacteria to enter the bloodstream6. Despite medical advancements, rates of IE are increasing due to a rise in surgery for valve replacement2.Pathophysiology: Understanding the pathophysiology of IE provides an insight into disease progression and aids in diagnosis7. The endocardium has an outer endothelium with an underlying basal lamina and an inner sub-endothelial layer made of loose connective tissue, fibroblasts and collagen fibrils8. Despite the presence of transient bacteraemia in the bloodstream, IE is rare due to the resistance provided by the intact endothelium lining the heart valves, heart chamber and great vessels9. If endothelial erosion occurs by altered haemodynamics, valvular heart disease, or mechanical lesions from artificial heart valves, blood would be exposed to the sub-endothelial layer and to stromal cells, thromboplastin and collagen present3. Exposure results in activation of the coagulation cascade resulting in fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation7. Consequently, small masses known as sterile thrombotic vegetations mainly made of platelets, fibrin, red and white blood cells4 form on the damaged endothelium on cardiac valve leaflets resulting in non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis [Figure 1]. Vegetations are frequently found in low-pressure areas on cardiac valves due to the Venturi effect where blood flows to a lower-pressure area. Greater mechanical stresses are imposed on the left cardiac valves as blood is pumped under higher pressure. Thus, vegetations are usually identified by echocardiography on the atrial surface of the mitral valve and the ventricular surface of the aortic valve10. Knowing the common vegetation sites enables faster diagnosis of IE. Colonisation of an initially sterile vegetation may occur by adhesion of transient bacteria in the bloodstream [Figure 2]. Adhesion of gram-positive bacteria occurs as adhesins present on the surface of gram-positive bacteria recognise the exposed fibronectin, fibrinogen and platelets3. Bacterial colonisation and growth results in leukocyte infiltration into the vegetation further activating the host coagulation cascade. Vegetation enlargement occurs as bacteria grow and produce a biofilm made of polysaccharides and proteins which aids bacterial persistence11. Pathogen binding initiates neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration occurs concentrating proteases and oxidative activities12 which can cause valvular damage and cusp perforation [Figure 2]. Thrombotic vegetations can disseminate and become septic emboli possibly resulting in the blockage of small vessels, organ failure or stroke if a cerebral artery is occluded13. Clinical presentation:Delayed diagnosis of IE is common as IE has varied presentations; therefore, blood cultures and echocardiography are predominantly used in diagnosis and clinical presentations are used to help guide diagnosis. IE is traditionally classified as either acute where a sudden development of IE occurs within days, or as subacute if a gradual development of IE occurs over weeks to a few months14. Patients usually present with persistent or recurrent fever, chills, or with non-specific and highly variable symptoms such as malaise, night sweats, myalgia, arthralgia or anorexia16. If the onset of the disease process is slow, classic examination findings such as Osler nodes (red nodular lesions found on fingers and toes), Roth spots (a white-centred haemorrhage in the retina) and Janeway lesions (non-tender, haemorrhagic plaques usually on palms and soles)15 may present [Table 1]. Auscultation of the heart is important as regurgitant murmurs are identified in nearly half of patients16. Identifying regurgitant murmurs is critical as murmurs are a result of valvular insufficiency which commonly develops as a result of IE. As clinical presentations are non-specific and highly variable, a low threshold criterion for further investigation is needed to avoid delay in identifying individuals with IE16. Diagnosis:Rapid diagnosis of IE is essential to initiate antibiotic therapy and avoid progressive, irreversible valve damage7. In comparison to the original Von Reyn criteria for the diagnosis of IE which only consisted of clinical and microbiological investigations, the modified Duke criteria is used in secondary care as the latter is more effective in diagnosis by incorporating echocardiographic findings18 to provide a greater insight into any endocardial pathogenesis [Table 1]. Two major, one major with three minor, or five minor criteria are required for a definitive diagnosis. For example, an echocardiogram showing endocardial involvement alongside a positive blood culture result is sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of IE [Table 1]. Possible diagnosis of IE requires at least one major and one minor criterion or three minor criteria. In clinical practice, the Duke criteria is used but does not replace clinical judgement otherwise misdiagnosis or delayed would result due to the varied clinical presenations19. Microbiological Tests: Identifying underlying microbial aetiology is essential for optimal individual patient treatment. Microbiological tests are performed to identify positive blood cultures. Prior to initiating antibiotic treatment, two sets of blood cultures are taken20. Incubation of a standard blood culture lasts for five days to recover nearly all cultivatable causes of IE21. However, negative tests in around 10% of patients22 may result from antibiotics being given prior to blood cultures or alternative diagnoses such as non-bacterial endocarditis. Around two-thirds of initially culture negative patients are identified as positive with further testing such as serological testing for Bartonella and Coxiella22; therefore, the incorporation of serological testing in the modified Duke criteria is critical to avoid delayed diagnosis. Echocardiography: Echocardiography is crucial in the diagnosis of IE and in predicting the embolic risk. Performing echocardiography as early as possible is essential to diagnose IE and thus initiate treatment23. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) can be involved in diagnosis [Figure 3]. In TTE the transducer is placed on the chest wall and sends out ultrasound waves which pass through the chest wall into the heart. As TTE is non-invasive, it is initially used to identify evidence of endocardial involvement that is stated in the modified Duke Criteria such as vegetations or valvular perforation24, [Table 1]. TTE has a lower sensitivity of 60-75% in comparison to TOE which is more than 90% sensitive; therefore, most patients also have the TOE test where the transducer is attached to a tube, is guided down the pharynx and larynx into the oesophagus to achieve a more detailed image of the heart23, [Figure 3]. Conclusion:Rapid diagnosis is critical as IE has high mortality with over a third of patients dying a year after diagnosis despite advancements in the sensitivity of the diagnostic criteria1. Delayed diagnosis contributes to mortality as vegetation enlargement and subsequent cusp perforation continues resulting in blood flow disruption, deterioration of cardiac function or systemic effects from emboli.

Say No to Your Darlings

Say No to Your Darlings Say No to Your Darlings Say No to Your Darlings By Michael Veteran writers often advise aspiring writers to â€Å"kill your darlings.† Grisly, isnt it, but they all say it. William Faulkner wrote, â€Å"In writing, you must kill all your darlings.† Stephen King wrote, â€Å"kill your darlings, kill your darlings, even when it breaks your egocentric little scribbler’s heart, kill your darlings.† Notice that King said kill three times, but then, we are talking about Stephen King. According to Slates culture editor Forrest Wickman, this advice was originally given by more than a century ago by Cornish writer Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch (his pen name was Q). In On the Art of Writing: Lectures Delivered in the University of Cambridge, 1913–1914, Sir Arthur Q advised: If you here require a practical rule of me, I will present you with this: ‘Whenever you feel an impulse to perpetrate a piece of exceptionally fine writing, obey it- whole-heartedly- and delete it before sending your manuscript to press. Murder your darlings. Observe that Sir Q didnt say murder your whole manuscript. And he didnt tell us to ignore your darlings either. No, he encourages us to put our darlings whole-heartedly onto paper. Just dont send that piece of paper to the publisher. And how did our friend Q define darlings? As a piece of exceptionally fine writing, one that happens to have been written by yourself. A darling is not a wickedly appropriate plot twist or a subtle yet deep character insight. No, it is merely a purported example of exceptionally fine writing. Does it further the story or reveal character or do any of the things that truly fine writing does? Erm, no comment. My takeaway on this: if something helps your reader, dont murder it. If it only make it easier to pat yourself on the back, lose it. Sir Q didnt really say to kill your darlings. He said okay, he said murder your darlings. No way am I going to write one thousand words encouraging you to murder a loved one. So let me adjust the analogy. Nobody wants to think about losing a beloved child. We all want to keep our darlings. But just because we love our darlings doesnt mean that right here is the right place for them. Cute as a three-year-old daughter is, I can think of a lot of places in the house that she doesnt need to be, and a lot of things she doesnt need to be doing. We would never get rid of her, but often we need to say no to her. Her cuteness makes it hard to say no, but not less necessary. Im using the singular feminine when I talk about darlings, calling her she, because losing a favorite character or passage or idea can feel giving up a favorite daughter. Deliberately giving her up, by your own choice, seems even worse. Maybe you feel like youre committing child abandonment. Except it isnt really like that. Once your book goes to press, your readers will never miss your darling. They will never know she is missing. Since she didnt really belong in your book, you will never miss her there. Yes, she seems so precious. But having your writing called precious is not usually a compliment. But what if your darling feels real to you, already a three-dimensional character in your mind or deserving to become one? What if you cant give her up? Fortunately, saying no to your darling this time doesnt mean you cant say yes to her later. Just cut and paste the passage into another file on your computer. Yes, you must remove your darling from where she doesnt belong, but you dont have to delete your darling entirely. Maybe she will fit beautifully in another story. She may become the centerpiece, the key to your new masterpiece. By the way, that other file doesnt need to be reserved only for deceased darlings. You should keep an idea file anyway, for all those ideas which you already know they dont fit into your current project. I like to review my idea files sometimes even when Im not particularly working on anything. It makes me feel more brilliant. I have to recognize, however, that not all my darlings are simply misplaced beauties. Maybe that character isnt as three-dimensional as I believed. Maybe Im deceived about the truthfulness of that plot line. Maybe life isnt really like that. Maybe my affection is misplaced. Regardless, once youve done away with your darling, immediately fill in the hole she left. Read over the part just before the cut, and keep on going and writing from there. How do you recognize a darling that needs to be removed? And where do you find the courage to remove her? Well, we often find courage and wisdom in other people. A writer needs other people alpha readers, beta readers, or a writing group. You need these intelligent, literate people to look into your story, to show you how well they appreciate the good parts (demonstrating their great insight), and to share with you how confused or apathetic they felt when they read the other parts. Inconceivable, isnt it, that so many intelligent readers dont appreciate something that is so obviously brilliant. If only one reader has trouble with it, maybe thats his problem. If many readers have trouble with it, maybe theres your problem. And you need to take care of it. Essentially, your darlings are the beloved parts of your work that dont advance your work. And you need others to help you see the truth, just some parents are incapable of seeing that their three-year-old is spoiled until others point it out. Saying no to your darlings will make you stronger. Suffering tends to do that sort of thing. Accepting another point of view will increase your empathy. Youre giving up something you love out of deference to others. Doing so will make you less selfish and a better writer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other Acclamations10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

The Solution of Human Freedom Essay

The Solution of Human Freedom Essay The Solution of Human Freedom Essay There are three main categories of philosophy concerning the level of human freedom: free will, determinism and compatibilism. All they give solution to the question how much freedom does a person have. However, each of them have their certain strength and weakness, so none of these position can be a singular solution. Free will gives a solution, that states a possibility of any person to make an individual choice without the interference of any circumstances (Caouette). The strength of it is that according to this learning the person is independent from anybody or any occasions and that he or she has the ability and right to do any actions. It means, that persons actions is only under his or her responsibility and that there is no participle from any superior forces. Determinism is a philosophy position, that asserts that human does not have any control of his fate and that it is determined only by the will of God (Hannan, and Lehrer 49-54). Its strength is that whatever mistake a human could do, it is explained as the Gods will, which takes off any responsibility for these actions. Consequently, person should not worry about the rectitude of his or her actions, as they are providential by God. Compatibilism is a philosophy position, that permits the coexistence of free will and determinism (Hannan, and Lehrer 49-54). The strength of its position, that person could live according to his or her decision and at the same time to believe that their actions could be justified by the Gods will. From this state comes the conclusion, that person could do anything according to his or her decision, but it is important to remember that any action will be followed by the God. However, there is a list of weaknesses of every category. The weakness of free will is that according to this position person might have too much freedom. Therefore, if person cannot realize rational borders of his or her freedom, any action, that harms other individual or is pernicious for the society, can be justified, as person has the absolute right to do whatever he or she wants. Talking about the determinisms weakness, it can be said, that any fact in persons life, no matter it is positive or negative, is validated upon the Gods will. Thereof comes the conclusion that human does not have any ability to change its life and that it is doomed to already written script of life. The only choice, that is left to person is to live humbly according to the Christian morality, as any efforts to change his or her life are senseless. The weakness of compatibilism is that according to its definition, the concept of freedom is abstract. Person thinks that he or she actions relatively to pers onal choice, but actually these actions are predetermined by the God. The conclusion of it is that its position becomes the same to the position of determinism and that even if person considers own moves as the own choice, there is no freedom in fact. No matter which of these philosophical concepts the person holds, none of their solution of human freedom is perfect. It is difficult to find the rightest solution, so every person should choose it according to individual convictions and views. It is also important to find a compromise with people of different views to this question. You can also hire a professional essay writer to have your philosophy paper written from scratch. Our essay writing service is committed to provide students with high-quality custom papers.

Report on Employee Attributes and Globalization Essay

Report on Employee Attributes and Globalization - Essay Example Having said that, there are four dimensions in Hofstedes that can be used as a basis for minimizing the risk of managing culture issues in operations. It is highly suggested that the following intercultural dimensions be sought: low power distance, low uncertainty, low individualism and low masculinity. Each of these dimensions would be discussed so readers would understand how these factors can increase the probability of a successful business in a host country. Low power distance would lead to more efficient decision-making inside the organization. If the host country has low power distance, it is easier to work through teams because people would not get tangled with organizational hierarchy. Instead, small groups can be established and team members can openly make suggestions. Everyone accepts responsibility for their mistakes and team members must learn how to collaborate closely. This empowers the employees by allowing them to responsible for their decisions. Low uncertainty can lead to a competitive advantage – innovation. Competition is intense due to globalization thus it is important for an organization to move fast. Cultures with low uncertainty are more open to change and can easily adapt to changes.