Characterization in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” Essay

William Shakespeare is regarded by many as one, if not the greatest writer of all time. It is interesting to note that his success is due to his tragedies. â€Å"Hamlet† and â€Å"Macbeth† are two of his best known work. Both titles deal with the tragedy of aristocratic people. Though, it appears that Shakespeare is fond of representing only one part of the society, he is actually talking about a very human flaw. Through the characters of his protagonists Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare is suggesting that the real tragedy is found within one’s self. Initially, Shakespeare had characterized Macbeth as a brave warrior. The wounded captain tells the audience that Macbeth was wounded in the battlefield, suggesting that he had fought bravely. But as the plot progresses, the audience discovers that he is less admirable. This is immediately noticeable when Macbeth had met the witches. The witches told them that Macbeth would be the thane of Cawdor. Although, Macbeth says he does not want to think of the prophecy because the thane of Cawdor is still alive, he seems to ponder on the thought, â€Å"the thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in Borrow’d robes?† There is a hint of irony in Macbeth words. It is like he wants to be thane of Cawdor but says he does not. Aside from mere false modesty, the audience would learn that Macbeth harbors within himself some self-doubt. If it was not for Lady Macbeth, Macbeth could have not done anything that he is certain he wants to do. On the other hand, Hamlet seems to be a more flawed character than Macbeth. He is constantly thinking about how to kill Claudius and exact revenge for his father. However, when he got his first chance to kill Claudius, he made a pass on the chance to do so. When Hamlet caught Claudius in prayer, he did not kill Claudius be cause he thought his father’s murderer might go to heaven. Perhaps a helpful quote to use is the famous â€Å"to be or not to be? † That line is a succinct description for Hamlet as he always contradicts himself. Shakespeare’s talent for being able to describe the complexity of the human brain, had made his works classics. Shakespeare seems to be more fond of the flaws of the thought process rather than physical flaws. That is in opposition to earlier works by other authors such as Oedipus Rex, where the protagonist has a deformed foot. Shakespeare’s protagonists are most of the time described as well-to-do. Both Hamlet and Macbeth are even admirable in the initial portions of their respective stories. But Shakespeare reveals that their flaws is on how they think. With Hamlet and Macbeth always contradicting themselves, a tragic conclusion seems inevitable. But their real tragedy is not because one would go insane and the other would be mortally wounded. Hamlet and Macbeth’s tragedy is that they themselves are the antagonists to their respective goals.

Food Culture Difference

? ? ? ? ? ? Differences Between Chinese and Western Food Culture ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Abstract Food plays an irreplaceable role in the development of society and the progress of human civilization. It is an essential prerequisite for human existence. However, different nations have different food and food habits. That is because they have different culture, especially food culture. Only within the context of each individual culture can food and food habits be best understood.This thesis expounds the important function of food culture between different countries’ cultural communication by analyzing Chinese and Western food culture. By examining these differences, we can improve our ability in cultural communication. Food culture is a special cultural phenomenon. By the process of people’s studies, people know food culture from one side to the study of different culture backgrounds, customs and historical environments.This thesis endeavors to analyze the cultural differenc es and their root causes in Chinese and Western food cultures from the perspective of concept, etiquette and content, and points out that with the development of cross-cultural communication, more communication and interaction will arise between Chinese and western food cultures and they will develop together. Key words: value conception; feature; etiquette; Chinese food culture; western food culture ( : 3-5? , , ; , ; , , ) ? ? , , , , , , , , , : ; ; ; ; ( , 3-5? , , ; , , ) Contents Abstracti ? ? ii 1. Introduction1 2. Different Values in Chinese and Western Food Culture1 . 1 Collectivism in Chinese food culture1 2. 1. 1 Collective orientation1 2. 1. 2 Collective orientation in Chinese food culture2 2. 2 Individualism in western food culture2 2. 2. 1 Individualistic orientation2 2. 2. 2 Individualistic orientation in western food culture3 3. Different Features in Chinese and Western Food Culture3 3. 1 Extravagance in Chinese3 3. 2 Simplicity in western food culture3 4. Differ ent Etiquette in Chinese and Western Food Culture4 4. 1 Different time-conceptions in Chinese and western food culture4 4. 1. 1 â€Å"M-time† and â€Å"P-time†4 4. 1. 2 Lateness in Chinese food culture4 . 1. 3 Punctuality in western food culture5 4. 2 Different seating arrangement5 4. 2. 1 The south and north seating arrangement in Chinese food culture5 4. 2. 2 The right and left seating arrangement in western food culture6 5. Different Consents in Chinese and Western Food Culture6 5. 1 Different drink in Chinese and western food culture6 5. 1. 1 Liquor and tea in Chinese food culture6 5. 1. 2 The wine and beer in western countries7 5. 2 Different main food in Chinese and western food culture7 5. 3 Different banquet course in Chinese and western food culture8 5. . 1 Banquet course in China8 5. 3. 2 Banquet course in western food culture8 5. 4 Different tableware in Chinese and western food culture9 5. 4. 1 Chopsticks in Chinese food culture9 5. 4. 2 Fork and knife in w estern food culture9 5. 5 Different cuisine naming10 5. 5. 1 Cuisine naming in China10 5. 5. 2 Cuisine naming in western food culture11 5. 6 Different healthy conceptions in Chinese and western food culture11 5. 6. 1 Healthy conception in Chinese food culture11 5. 6. 2 Healthy Conception in western food cultures12 6. Conclusion13 Bibliography14 Acknowledgements15 : , ;1. 5 ? : ( ) , , , ; ? , ; ? 1. Introduction Culture is a historical phenomenon. It is the summation of civilization and a mental picture which can be created in the progress of a nation’s development. This thesis expounds the important function of food culture between different cultures by analyzing Chinese food and Western food. By examining these differences, we can improve our ability in cultural communication.The contact between different countries becomes much tighter through the incorporation of a global economy. At the same time, the cultural communications become more important in the big distance between these two cultures. The distinction between cultural communications become more and more evident and the study of Chinese and Western food culture is an important part of it. Food is a special phenomenon, people having knowledge of food from one side of the study of different cultural backgrounds, customs and historical environment by study. We all know that different nations have different cultures.This thesis focuses on the different food cultures in Chinese and western countries. Chinese food culture in this thesis mainly refers to the one in the Han nationality. As we know, China is a nation with 56 ethnic groups, each of which has its own unique food and food habits. The Han nationality and its culture are the mainstream in China due to historical, political and economic reasons. Western food culture in this thesis is mainly concerned with the British one due to the fact that its cultural pattern and influence have become dominant in the west, which is generally recogni zed by the world. 2.Different Values in Chinese and Western Food Culture 2. 1 Collectivism in Chinese food culture 2. 1. 1 Collective orientation In China, collective orientation with deep roots can be traced back to ancient time. Confucius points out, â€Å"If one wants to establish himself, he should help others to establish themselves at first. † in which collectivism is appreciated. â€Å"Even the dog swaggers when its master wins favor† shows the fact that everything in China is branded with collectivism. In such collectivistic culture, a â€Å"we† consciousness prevails, and people are expected to be interdependent and show conformity to the group’s norms and values.Group goals usually take precedent over individual goals, and the primary value is to seek harmony with others. Actually, group harmony is so highly valued that obedience to, and compliance with, in groups pressures is routine. (Neuliep, 2000:33) 2. 1. 2 Collective orientation in Chinese food culture This collectivistic orientation also plays an important role in Chinese food culture. Normally, Chinese people would like to take the style of â€Å"sharing† when they have a dinner together, whether at home with family members or outside with friends. As Vera Y. N. Hsu describes, â€Å"The typical Chinese dining table is round or square.The ts’ai dishes are laid in the center, and each participant in the meal is equipped with a bowl of â€Å"fan†, a pair of chopsticks, a saucer, and a spoon. All at a table take from the ts’ai dishes as they proceed with the meal. Good eating manners require each participant take equally from the different ts’ai dishes, so that all will have an equal chance at all the dishes. † (Chang, 1977:304) When the dinner starts, the host usually shows a menu to guests asking them to order the dish they like before making the final decision. When a dinner comes to an end, participants always strive to pay the bill unless someone has claimed it in advance.The â€Å"truth of sharing† reflects almost everywhere from the dinner start to the end. 2. 2 Individualism in western food culture 2. 2. 1 Individualistic orientation It is well known that Great Britain tends toward individualism. Individualism refers to the doctrine, spelled out in detail by the seventeenth-century English philosopher John Locke, that each individual is unique, special, completely different from all other individuals, and â€Å"the basic unit of nature†. (Samovar 2000:62) Therefore, in individualistic culture, an â€Å"I† consciousness prevails, and emphasis is placed on an individual goal over group goals.This value orientation stresses individual initiative and achievement, and individual decision-making is highly appreciated. 2. 2. 2 Individualistic orientation in western food culture Western food culture is characterized by the â€Å"separated’ style because of the great influence of the individualistic orientation. It is contrary to the â€Å"sharing† style in Chinese food culture in many ways. For example, westerners do not take the ts’ai dishes from the public plate, but have separate individual plates. The way of â€Å"going Dutch† is widely taken when the bill is to be paid, which means everyone pays his own share.The role of individualism in Western food culture is obvious and its influence is self-evident. 3. Different Features in Chinese and Western Food Culture 3. 1 Extravagance in Chinese Chinese food culture is probably much older than any other kind of food cultures. Few cultures are as food oriented as Chinese culture. The most common example is the greeting used among Chinese people when they encounter: â€Å"Have you eaten? † food plays so important a role in people’s daily life that it inevitably becomes an ostentatious way because of face (or â€Å"mianzi† in China).So the extravagance and exquisitene ss become the main features of Chinese food. Face in China involves a claim for respect and dignity from others. Losing one’s face is one of the worst ways to injure one’s self-esteem. The banquet is also influenced by the â€Å"face† system. They are no longer a social occasion just for meeting or eating, but to some extent, a good chance for the host to show off his power and earn his face. The more expensive or precious the food is, the more dignity the host has, the more the quantity of dishes in a banquet, the warmer hospitality can be shown, and the more â€Å"face† he can earn.In this sense, formal banquets in China have one thing in common: there should be more than enough food on the table. Otherwise the host will lose face. That leads directly to the extravagant food culture. 3. 2 Simplicity in western food culture Compared with extravagant banquets in China, the scale of banquets in western countries is much smaller. That is because the belief in food in western countries is mainly focused on function as necessity for human beings survival or a way of communication.For example, in a party, the host usually does not prepare food and drinks and serves some simple food only like cheese, sandwiches, fruits etc. For most Westerners, this is a good opportunity for communication and reunion, or a great occasion where they can strengthen relationships and make new friends. What they actually care about is the casual, harmonious and joyous atmosphere, the maximum freedom and relaxation they can enjoy at the banquet. 4. Different Etiquette in Chinese and Western Food Culture 4. 1 Different time-conceptions in Chinese and western food culture 4. 1. â€Å"M-time† and â€Å"P-time† Edward T. Hall, who is well known for his discussion of time across cultures, proposes that cultures organize time in one of two ways: either monochronic (M-time) or polychronic (P-time) (Hall, 1989:46). He also points out that M-time is the c haracteristic of people from western countries, while P-time is the characteristic of people from Asia, Africa and Latin America ( ,1999:93). The two conceptions are incompatible. We can see the sharp contrast between P-time and M-time from the lateness in Chinese food culture and the punctuality in western food culture. . 1. 2 Lateness in Chinese food culture People in the P-time cultures do not emphasize scheduling by separating time into fixed segments. They treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time. Therefore, in these cultures, personal interaction and relationship developments are far more important than making appointments or meeting deadline. China is a country with P-time. Chinese people are usually a little later than what is scheduled when participating in some activities like banquets.Normally, they would be half an hour late. The host will arrange some entertainments, such as playing card s or chatting. Tea and various desserts like candy, cakes etc. are served for the guests who have arrived on time to kill time. Both the host and guest get used to that and would not interpret this kind of lateness as an impolite behavior. However, this conception changes sometimes. With the development of cross-cultural communication, more and more Chinese people, especially the young, are gradually influenced by the M-time in western countries. 4. 1. 3 Punctuality in western food cultureUnlike Chinese people, people in M-time cultures tend to follow precise scheduling. Once the time is set, it is rarely changed, and people should take it seriously. Usually, everyone is supposed to arrive on time when attending a formal meeting or banquet. It is also acceptable that people can be a little late sometimes, but no more than 10 minutes, otherwise this behavior will be regarded as inappropriate by both the host and other guests, and one will have to give a proper explanation. The one wh o violates the rule of punctuality shall be punished seriously in M-time culture. 4. Different seating arrangement Samovar pointed out that â€Å"Culture influences even the manner and meaning in seating arrangement†. So seating arrangement is an important means of giving different explanations on social status or interpersonal relations. With regard to seating arrangement in a banquet, there exist some major distinctive disparities between Chinese and Western food culture. 4. 2. 1 The South and north seating arrangement in Chinese food culture In China, the seat facing south in a banquet is usually regarded as the most important, while the seat facing north is comparatively less important.It is because of traditional Chinese culture. China is an old country with a long history of more than five thousand years. There used to be many dynasties. Whatever the dynasty, the emperor always sat with facing south during the ceremony of the royal inauguration or in the process of disc ussing governmental affairs with ministers. On the other hand, the ministers were all facing north when they met the emperor. Gradually, the word â€Å"south† has been elevated into a position relatively high in Chinese people’s minds, and it symbolizes the supreme authority, power and position.By contrast, the position of the word â€Å"north† is much lower. Therefore, in a formal banquet, the seats that face south undoubtedly will be reserved for those who are respectable or powerful. 4. 2. 2 The right and left seating arrangement in western food culture In Western countries, the seating arrangement is quite different. In the past, the most distinguished guest was seated on the left side of the host. The reason is that in ancient times there were many assassinations for political and social reasons, and assassins held daggers in their right hands to attack.It was convenient and easier for the host to protect the guest who was on his left hand when the assassin attacked. However, with the development of civilization, this old style of assassination has been extinct for a long time and the seating arrangement also changed. Nowadays, what Westerners are most concerned about is the perspective of psychological need instead of physical security when they arrange seats in a banquet. The result is that the seat at the right side of the host is more honorable than the one on the left side in the widely recognized rule. 5. Different Consents in Chinese and Western Food Culture . 1 Different drink in Chinese and western food culture 5. 1. 1 Liquor and tea in Chinese food culture Liquor and tea are two kinds of main drinks in Han nationality. It is known to all that China is the hometown of tea, and one of the countries which invented the earliest brew technology in the world. Wine culture and tea culture have long history in China and they have become an essential part of Han national food culture in the past thousands of years. They greatly influ ence other countries all over the world. There are many kinds of tea and liquor in China.Different kinds of tea and liquor have different functions, so people drink different tea and liquor in different seasons to keep healthy. Normally, people drink three kinds of tea in four seasons. In spring and autumn, people drink tea, which was made of various flowers to make them more beautiful and active. In summer, green tea is the best choice. It is a special kind of healthy drink and has many unique functions, such as refreshing oneself, removing strain, preventing heatstroke, cooling, caring for eyes etc. Most people choose black tea in winter because it is fermenting and not belonging to cold.It can not only foster your stomach, promote digestion and your appetite but also help to strengthen the cardiac muscles. Chinese people always drink beer in hot summer and liquor in winter. Liquor has thousands of year’s history in China and it creates a unique style in the world. It is fr agrantly pure and has flavors. Drinking a small cup of liquor everyday could promote digestion, whet appetite and keeps one warm. 5. 1. 2 The wine and beer in western countries The grape wine and beer are common drink in western countries. People in some cold area even drink sherry everyday to keep themselves warm.In Britain, bars meet your eyes everywhere on the streets and become second living rooms. The British are experts in drinking and beer is their favorite drink. Normally, there are three kinds of beer which are divided by flavor: Bitter, Lager and Cider. In recent years, it has come into vogue to drink wine and the wine consumption in Britain is the greatest in the world. Simultaneously, juice is also a very popular drink in western countries. Usually people drink juice at breakfast. Juice gets unique welcome in Britain, the annual average consumption amounts to 19. 1 liters in Britain. 5. Different main food in Chinese and western food culture Rice and cooked wheaten food are two main staple foods in the Han nationality. The southern and northern regions cultivate rice, and rice has become the main nourishment in these areas. The northeast and northwest regions cultivate wheat and give first place to cooked wheaten food. Also, other kinds of cereals like maize, Kaoliang, grain, tuber crop have become staple food, in different areas as well as coarse cereals. The Han nationality’s staple foods have colorful and various cooking methods and has hundreds of kinds of rice and wheat products.Nowadays, the northeast regions in China still give first place to cooked wheaten food. Meat, milk and bread are the staple food in western countries. A common meal usually consists of soup, bread and butter. There are also various roasted foods besides the brown bread. Another staple food in Western countries is the potato. To westerners, potato is as important as rice to Chinese. You can often see that the British move packages of potatoes in shopping carts in the supermarket just like Chinese people buying rice. 5. 3 Different banquet course in Chinese and western food culture 5. 3. Banquet course in China Generally speaking, a formal banquet in China consists of six major courses served in turn, including a hand plate, cold dish, hot dish, staple food, soup and dessert. A hand plate is for the guests who come early. Traditionally, it usually consists of candied fruit, traditional cake, but now, tea and melon seeds. I have mentioned that lateness is the traditional time conception in China. The hand plate is made ready for the guests and host when they chat or play cards to wait for other guests. Cold dishes are often served as the beginning of a banquet, which usually consists of a ariety of small dishes and snacks. Actually, a cold dish is not for food but for beauty. Then, come the hot dishes, which are the most weighty and richest part of the whole. Staple food is also an indispensable component, which is rice or noodle in most case s. Soup is another important course. Unlike a western banquet, Chinese soup comes as a later course but not at first. Finally, comes dessert, which is composed of various finely made cakes, nuts, pastry, fruits etc. Only after the six courses are served will a formal Chinese banquet have come to an end.It is also interesting to note that different from Chinese banquets which tend to break up immediately after the last course is served, Westerners may linger for hours after the completed meal in elevated and animated discussions. 5. 3. 2 Banquet course in Western food culture A formal banquet in western countries usually comprises four major courses, including soup, a subsidiary dish, a main dish and dessert. Soup is the first course, probably because westerners want to refresh themselves with some soup before the meal, and taking soup will help to whet their appetites. The subsidiary dish is the second course.It is usually composed of various types of fish for fish is easy to digest . The main dish is a heavy weight in a Western banquet, and it is often composed of meat, especially beef sticks or fish together with vegetables. Salad, which is composed of lettuce, tomato, cucumber and asparagus etc. dessert come lastly. Western dessert includes all food after the main dish, such as cakes, biscuits, cheese, pies, pudding, fruits, ice cream etc. Sometimes, people drink coffee or tea with sugar and milk while they have dessert. 5. 4 Different tableware in Chinese and western food culture 5. 4. Chopsticks in Chinese food culture In China it is usually thought that people are an inherent part of nature. Many scholars pointed out that the traditional attitude of Chinese people toward universe or nature is â€Å"Oneness between Man and Nature. ( )† ( , 1997:59) Under the influence of this orientation, Chinese people attempt a balanced act with nature and try to live in harmony with it. China is also a traditionally agricultural country. Since Chinese people main ly live on rice and wheat as their staple food by cultivating the farmland, the harvest of the crops depends on nature.Therefore, in such cultural context and natural environment, people tend to live and work in peace. The application of chopsticks as the chief tableware can be traced back as early as the Shang and Chou periods, although hands were probably used more often than chopsticks (Chang, 1977:35). When Chinese people use chopsticks, they usually appear to be cultivated and their attitudes toward food are gentle and kind. Roland Barthes, a famous French literary critic, once talked about the usage of chopsticks, and he remarked that unlike fork and knife, chopsticks were not used to cut, poke or stab food.Therefore, â€Å"food was no longer the prey suffering the human beings’ violence but turned out to be the substance passed harmoniously through them. † ( , 2002:74) In this sense, chopsticks are the gentle medium between man and food, and they reflect the har monious relationship between man and nature. 5. 4. 2 Fork and knife in western food culture Many Westerners think that people are dominant over nature. Quite different from China, the ancestors of many western countries lived by hunting due to some ecological and historical factors. Of course, meat was their basic food source and gradually took the place of staple food.In order to survive in severe and harsh environments, they tried their best to be good at hunting, such as the use of some weapons like knives, forks and arrows etc to fight with or kill animals. That resulted in the aggressiveness and the adventurous sense in their temperaments. Compared with chopsticks, it is not exaggerating at all to say that knife and fork represent the violence and cruelty to food without any concealment. The way of eating in western countries actually reflects human’s conquest over nature. 5. 5 Different cuisine naming 5. 5. 1 Cuisine naming in China Cuisine naming in China differs from place to place.Generally speaking, there are three kinds of cuisine naming in China. The first cuisine naming method is, according to Professor Wang Fengxin’s research, the name of an ordinary Chinese dish usually contains four parts: main ingredients, subsidiary ingredients, way of cutting and way of cooking. They constitute the primary motivation of Chinese cuisine naming. (Wang, 1999:220) He also believes that the naming of Chinese home-style cuisine is based on the primary motivation. Take the Chinese cuisine â€Å" , Stir-fried Shredded Pork with Green Pepper† for example, its main raw material is â€Å"? ,pork†; its subsidiary raw material is â€Å" green pepper†; the result of cutting is â€Å"? , shred†, and its way of cooking is â€Å"? , stir-fried†. Certainly, not every Chinese cuisine naming should follow the pattern of â€Å"main ingredients—subsidiary ingredients— cutting method — cooking method†. Fo r example, â€Å" , Fried Scrambled Eggs with Tomato† is the pattern of â€Å"main ingredients—subsidiary ingredients— cooking method†. The second cuisine naming method is: usually, Chinese people eat for not only consumption but also many other purposes. In such a situation, they would like to have more refined and graceful names than the plain names for the food served.The secondary naming method consists of the initiator’s name, the animal’s name and the plant’s name. As a matter of fact, Chinese cuisine naming after initiator’s name usually involves much Chinese culture or historical information and the cuisine naming after the animal’s name or plant’s name may give rise to cultural implications. For example, Chinese people will naturally associate â€Å" , Dongpo Meat† with Su Dongpo, the initiator of this dish, who was a famous poet in Song Dynasty. It is said that Su Dongpo created this dish when he was relegated to a local government.He did many good things for the local people, so they decided to give the dish a name after him as a kind of commemoration. The cuisine â€Å" , Lotus Soup†, will remind Chinese people of lotus, which has been taken as a noble plant for its purity and freedom from dirt. Actually, it is a kind of soup which is made with eggs. In Chinese cuisine naming, â€Å" † stands for egg-white because of its shape and color. The third cuisine naming method is: in order to attract more customers, some restaurants or hotels give some common dishes very fantastic names, which originate from some Chinese legends or allusions.For example, the cuisine name â€Å" , Turtle and Chicken Meat† originates from a famous historical allusion in ancient times that a famous general was surrounded by his enemy and had to bid an emotional farewell to his beloved concubine. Although the name is really attractive, the content is nothing new at all. 5. 5. 2 Cu isine naming in western food culture The feature of cuisine naming in Western countries is straightforward, which is similar to the first cuisine naming method in China. Time is money in Western people’s eyes, and they think people should not waste too much time on trivial things like eating and dining.Therefore, from this point of view, the first and foremost requirement for the cuisine naming should be straightforward and simple. For example, â€Å"Black Pepper Steak, † , â€Å"Stewed Seafood Combination with Lobster Sauce, † etc. You can easily perceive the meaning of the cuisine and know what it is. Sometimes, even the name of some restaurants, such as â€Å"KFC† (Kentucky Fried Chicken) will reveal the information about the cuisine they serve. Undoubtedly, straightforwardness is much more suitable to the Westerners for their fast pace of cooking and living. 5. Different healthy conceptions in Chinese and western food culture 5. 6. 1 Healthy concepti on in Chinese food culture Chinese food and drink usually contains little sugar, which will not lead to getting fat. But there are more and more fat people in China while our living standard has improved. China enjoys a good reputation for its plentiful and splendid cuisine. Chinese people have many complex cooking methods, such as braising, boiling, braising with soy sauce, roasting, baking, grilling, scalding, deep-frying, steaming, drying, salt-preserving etc. (? ,? , ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? , and the Chinese cuisine is always exquisite and tastes excellent. But much nutrition is destroyed because of such complex cooking methods. Simultaneously, Chinese people share dishes when they have a meal. Everyone’s chopsticks touch the same dish and that highly increases the probability of hepatitis. 5. 6. 2 Healthy Conception in western food cultures Nutrition and balance are greatly cared for by westerners when they have a meal. An interesting phenomenon in western countries is the nutritional information on the food label, by which people’s concern about nutrition is clearly reflected.A look at information like the number of calories per serving, grams of fat, sodium, fiber and sugar content will make you more knowledgeable in selecting foods to reduce your nutritional health risk. In addition, the balance in diet structure is also essential to Westerners. Nowadays, more and more westerners are starting to worry about their weight for their diet containing too many calories. This is evident in menus in many restaurants offering â€Å"low calorie† or â€Å"weight watchers† meal. The vegetable and fruit salad served to westerners all year around because they have low calories and high vitamin.In conclusion, it is by the influence of pragmatism that westerners are inclined to take the food into consideration basically from the nutritional perspective. In their eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep health and thus what the westerners car e about most is the nutrition contained in food and the balance of the whole structure. When they have a meal, they use separate plates for each other, which usefully guard against the probability infection. 6. Conclusion By comparison and analysis we have made so far, one conclusion may be drawn that Chinese and Western food culture reflect each other’s cultures with their own unique features.They are neither superior nor inferior to the other and should deserve the same respect from each other. Certainly, for the process of globalization, Chinese and Western food cultures do not exist in isolation. It is well known that globalization has been becoming an inevitable trend around the world and an inexorable force to influence people’s life in almost every aspect. In other words, the wheel of human history has moved as inexorably forward from isolation to integration. Due to the open policy, Chinese people and Chinese culture have more and more chances of contact with f oreigners and foreign cultures.People of different cultures can learn from each other. When Chinese culture is learning or adopting something new or different from foreign cultures, we should remember that Chinese culture is also being learnt and adopted by them at the same time. A good case in point is that, nowadays, more and more people , especially the young people, have been fond of the typical western fast food like KFC or Macdonald’s, while on the other hand, more and more Chinese foods have been welcomed by foreigners, and it is said that where there are people, there are Chinese restaurants.In a word, Chinese and Western food culture will develop together by the cross-cultural communication. Bibliography [1] Chang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspective [M]. USA: The Vail-Ballou Press Inc. , 1977:35~304 [2] Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. Foundations of Intercultural Communication [M]. USA: Allyn & Bacon Press, 1998: 3 [3] Hall, E. T. Beyond Culture [M]. New York: Anchor Books, 1989: 46 [4] Neuliep, J. W. Intercultural Communication: A Context Approach [M]. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 33 [5] Samovar, L. A. & Porter R. E.Intercultural Communication: A Reader [M]. USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2000: 62 [6] Samovar, L. A. , Porter R. E. & Stefani L. A. Communication Between Cultures [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, 2000:165 [7] Wang Fengxin. The Cultural Implication of the Chinese Cuisine Naming [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, 1999: 220~222 [8] . [M]. : ,1999: 93 [9] . [M]. : , 1995: 59 [10] . [M]. : 2006: 203 [11] . —— [M]. : , 2002: 74 [12] . [M]. ,2004: 16 [13] , . [M]. : ,2006: 8 [14] . [OL]. http://www. wfcyw. com/cywh/yswh/ 200608/22. html, 2007-04-16/2007-05-4. [15] . [OL]. http://www. ilib. cn/A-bflc 2003 02028. html, 2007-03-16/2007-04-08. Acknowledgements The thesis has been completed. I want to express my g ratitude to my tutor *******. I received Mr. Zhang’s instruction in the writing of the thesis many times. I appreciate the tutor’s concentrated guidance and help not only in the selection of my title, required materials of the thesis, but also in the research writing.I can say that it is very difficult to have completed the thesis without his guidance. I wish to take this opportunity to express the hearty thanks to his advice. I want to express sincere gratitude to teachers and friends who cared about and supported my thesis. Here, I appreciate my classmates who helped out with my thesis. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Zhang again for his careful instruction of my thesis. ———————– Times New Roman? , , Times New Roman 1. 5 4-5 Times New Roman , Times New Roman â€Å"Key words:† , 1. 5 â€Å" :† , Times New Roman Times New Roman Times New Roman Times New Roman Tim es New Roman ( ); Times New Roman 1. 5 4~5 ( ) Times New Roman Times New Roman ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )? : , , ( ) Times New Roman 1. 5 Times New Roman Times New Roman 1. 5 4~5 Times New Roman

Pros and cons of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards Essay

Pros and cons of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards - Essay Example In accordance with the issues discussed in the paper one of the benefits of extrinsic and extrinsic motivations is the increased performance. Extrinsic motivations may take the forms of rewards. This contributes a lot towards making the individuals to dedicate more of their efforts, skills and time in completion of certain take. Rewards, both tangible and psychological always lead to increased performances and high quality outcomes. In classroom setups, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations may lead to increased competition since each student may want to be rewarded at the end of it all. This boosts academic outcomes and shapes the students towards excellence. There are several demerits of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. In classroom setups, extrinsic motivations may be viewed and argued as aspects of discriminations against the students. This follows that it always leads to some form of academic barriers and stigmatizations. Some students who may not get the rewards as regular may be perceived incompetent by other colleagues. This demeans and belittles those students. In addition, in many cases, the rewards are always given out based on the person who leads but not the one who has shown tremendous improvement in an area. In most cases, such always lead to some forms of discriminations. The same may also apply to the workplaces. As such, it is important to note that rewards may be demoralizing at times.

Gastrointestinal disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gastrointestinal disorders - Essay Example Only 30% of the consumers are not the patient. These types of patients have low tolerance of pain and would resort to analgesics for pain relief. These patients have common complain of back ache or hip pain, headache, strains and sprains, osteoarthritis, sinus pain, fever, tendonitis, and tennis elbow. Generally, most of these patients asking for analgesics have no knowledge on the precautions, contraindications, adverse and toxic effects, tolerance, and physical dependence of the medications they requested. All they know about is that analgesics provide acute and chronic pain relief. Patients who came in to the pharmacy requesting for OTC analgesics oftentimes think that it can be used anytime without acquiring the potential side effects of the medications. Other than that, these patients are anticipating that pain relief can be achieved through constant intake of OTC analgesics. These expectations are often not met by the patients. A careful titration of analgesics by the patient is required for an effective management of pain based on valid and reliable pain assessment and pain relief (American Society for Pain Management Nursing, 2009). Over the counter analgesics are much exploited medications. These patients have no knowledge on the potential side effects of the medications they are taking. All they knew is that OTC analgesics provide pain relief. Research study carried on by the researchers in the US presented the potential risks of constant intake of non – prescription analgesics. Pain killers that include aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen have the capacity to increase high blood pressure and pose a great risk of myocardial disease in men (Reuters, 2007 cited in Harrell, 2007). The pharmacist and pharmacy staff must discuss with the patient the appropriate pain medication that has to be taken, exact dosage of analgesics, and how to avoid exceeding maximum dose and potential drug interaction. To provide

Question Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Question Answers - Essay Example His vision asserts that his team should control the things it can while striving to achieve goals in an efficient manner. Answer: The three important leadership roles Todman emphasizes include: (1) Leader as a team builder: Todman ensured that team worked on a collaborative platform where all the members could meet each other more often than before, such as once a month rather than once every two months. (2) Leader as a problem-solver: Todman made sure that right decisions were made at the right time to ensure business success, just like a Whirlpool executive stated about Todman that he was able to solve problems by making the team an interconnected unit. (3) Leader as a strategic planner: Todman revamped the new Maytag product line; closed the expensive plants; and, planned on educating the whole staff. This expresses his proficiency as a strategic planner. Answer: Louie’s financial management strategies are okay as people have been appreciating him in this regard, but his interpersonal relationships at the workplace are not satisfactory. For example, Emma, the human resources manager of the company, came across some customer feedback cards that complaint about Louie’s unsuitable remarks which were too personal. Louie’s has not been appropriately responsive toward the customers. He is not very tolerant about cultural diversity at the workplace. He has also been acting too frankly with the co-workers at times, for example, giving a high-five or a fist bump. These gestures have been making him unpopular at the workplace. Answer: Louie needs some serious training regarding tolerance about cultural diversity at the workplace. He needs to understand that all individuals are equally worthy of respect regardless of their cultural, racial and ethnic backgrounds. He needs to show tolerance toward all kinds of people with varying sexual orientation. He also needs to understand his limitations at the workplace, such as how he should behave

GROUNDING & BONDING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GROUNDING & BONDING - Essay Example It is done with the help of copper wire to establish connection between all parts. Bonding is concerned with the techniques and procedures necessary to achieve a mechanically resilient low impedance interconnection. Grounding is the process in which we connect the bonded equipment to the earth. It is a special form of bonding in which conductive equip ­ment is connected to an earthing electrode or to the building grounding system in order to prevent sparking between conductive equipment and grounded structures. Bonding and grounding do not rectify the source or cause of stray voltage instead it reduces the harmful effect of stray voltage to a level where it may no longer pose any threat or problem. In the absence of bonding the potential difference can cause damage to equipment when any two parts of sensitive equipment are connected to system which can acquire different potentials. Bonding and Grounding Principle Bonding and grounding are basically two separate concepts in which on e is the physical medium and the other one act as the method for creating that medium. It is a very effective technique for minimizing the likelihood of an ignition from static electricity.

The Body Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Body - Assignment Example 571). The notion of being in a pageant is like an obsession in the society, going beyond the bounds of schooling and social ethics, where most of them are geared towards socializing of womens bodies (Anderson-Fye, 2004, p. 572). The community’s perspective is inclined towards pleasing the tourists and many will do whatever it takes to look good to them by getting thinner bodies. This craze makes even parents encourage their daughters to get thinner and please the many tourists visiting the country (Anderson-Fye, 2004, p. 579). Further, the strip clubs frequented by tourists prefer thinner women and thus girls are encouraged to eat less to get better pay and recognition to them (Anderson-Fye, 2004, p. 580). The tourists are a motivation towards getting better body images as a promise of employment and other future career benefits like the threat of Kara. The extent of connectivity in the global scene has indeed influenced the bodily aspects of the people in the country. Most girls who have gone on trips in other countries have been influenced to take up their traits, in the example of the United States (Anderson-Fye, 2004, p. 586). Further, the interconnectivity through media has also influenced the body aspects of the people in the way that outside influences determine their attitudes towards body size (Anderson-Fye, 2004, p.

Inequality, Hate Groups, and Tolerance Paper Essay

Inequality, Hate Groups, and Tolerance Paper - Essay Example (d) Hate is irrevocably linked to violence. Hate group members are not illiterate, but are well read, well organized, ruthless and armed, and coordinate their acts with like-minded partners. The ‘fourteen words’ are remarkable in their psychological appeal to instincts of survival and protection of children. 3 (a) Alex Curtis, based in San Diego, is one of today’s most influential white supremacists. He has effectively harnessed the media, through his website, e-mail lists, telephone hotlines and magazine, to disseminate his message of violent hatred of minorities. His group stands for the employment of any means to foster hate and violence against Jews, Blacks and all minorities. (b) Alex Curtis’ group feels that the U.S. Government is a Zion Occupied Government, which is manipulated by the Jews and is actively engaged in the marginalization and elimination of white Anglo-Saxons. The origin of White Power Music was marked by violent conflicts among extremists, the most high-profile one being the one between Swedish Nordland and British Ragnarock. In 1997-98 the industry was curtailed by Government actions in the U.S., Britain and Europe. The industry has reorganized and its’ message of violent racism is spreading its’ tentacles all over the world. There is growing cooperation among the leading players, who are (1) William Pierce: leader of the U.S. Nationalist Alliance and the owner of Resistance Records. (2) National Socialist Black Metal: anti-Christian, racist, Skinhead music (3) Hammerskin Nation: premium label for American skinhead bands, extremely violent (4) Blood and Honour: Swedish based, owner of Ragnarock with links to neo-Nazi political parties. (f) Stormfront is the oldest hate website, whose webmaster is Don Black, a former member of the Ku Klux Klan. Its’ philosophy of white supremacist beliefs considers Jews, Blacks and other minorities to

Technology proficiencies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Technology proficiencies - Research Paper Example Additionally, an analysis and comparison of how the plans use technological tools and their application in various learning environments was conducted. Discussing the need to coordinate technology service departments and curriculum departments for the integration of technology and curriculum and how that may be accomplished and the challenges that might be faced The recent past has seen an increase in the use and enhancement of technology especially in the education sector. Shute, & Becker (2010) states that in this era with much emphasis and focus on inclusion and collaboration, educators and stakeholders on all levels need information as regarding the myriad ways in which technology could be used to enhance the performance of students while also facilitating the participation of all students including those with disabilities to fully participate in instructional activities while also improving scholastic achievement. It is without any doubt that technology has the ability of supporting much of the effort meted towards not only curriculum access, but also participation and progress. Consequently, technology not only increases independence, but also empowerment and personal productivity. It is to this regard that it must be understood that does technology not only facilitate the various kinds of interactions occasioning instructions, but al so has the ability of transforming static curriculum resources into both flexible digital media and tools (Heinecke, & Adamy, 2010). In educating students, a key document is the IEP document more so in the case of students with disabilities. Not only does the document detail the current level of performance of students, but also sets out the annual goals while delineating the services, support and ancillary aids that could prove effective in accomplishing the goals. It is worth appreciating the fact that the increase in the number of children being served in

The question of love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The question of love in Romeo and Juliet Essay The theme of love is evidently explored with Shakespeares play of Romeo and Juliet, using his abilities, the author manages to introduce many obstacles or other influencing elements that has a great impact on the development of love between the two young lovers. There are two basic levels in the play, the behaviour of society within Verona and the private, love orientated interaction between Romeo and Juliet. The social culture of Verona has stood as an uncontrollable influence upon the relationship of Romeo and Juliet, especially concerning the feud between the two families of the Capulets and the Montagues. The existence of this feud is not the immediate reason for the destruction of the lovers, yet it is one of many characteristics within the plot that together is considered an influence that hindered the relationship. Increasing the scale of this elements impact on the relationship, is the fact that it doesnt simply involve the two immediate families as even the servants take part in the feud, clearly proven within the first scene. The conflict appears to be one that is inflicted upon the whole public of Verona as represented by an unnecessary quarrel between the servants of the households within the first scene. This scenes constant references and implications of physical action and the actual deed being undertaken show the unprompted and impetuous behaviour of the people. GREGORY: The quarrel is between our masters and us their men SAMPSON: Tis all one (Act I, Scene I) Their world of hate and inexplicable grudges introduces the high level of intolerance and ignorance of the destructive society of Verona to the audience at the beginning of the play, aiding hindrance to the relationship between the star-crossd lovers. However, once the play has initiated, the speed of the action accelerates further and further, thus the people behaving more unreasonable and with further impulsiveness. It is this factor that increases the impact of the occurrence in the plot, therefore emphasizing their impacts on Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare has also involved a love triangle, between Romeo and Juliet. As he involves a wealthy prince named Paris, whom is arranged, by her parents, to marry Juliet despite her devoted feelings to Romeo. However, Paris appears as a wooer to Juliet and not an emotional and individual lover, and Shakespeare clearly shows this within the initial two lines of Paris, that he is not a lover as true as Romeo of honourable reckoning are you both. Despite these obvious obstacles that Shakespeare has emphasized before introducing the lovers to the audience, love is still found between the two. Within act one, scene five, the language and form of the dialogue shared between the two supposed enemies changes, and becomes poetic and flattering, showing that their private interactions are totally different from the public life. Romeo and Juliets first conversation is composed of a sonnet. Shakespeare has successfully managed to use this poetic approach to explore matters beyond a dramatic performance and involve the audience emotionally, enabling them to imagine themselves as the recipients of the poem. The language used additionally creates an intimate perspective of love between them. When Romeo first sees Juliet, his plans are of a physical nature, Ill watch her place of stand/ And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand (Act I, Scene IV). The acting of touching Juliets hand is a linguistic representation of touch, a tactile sign. Further emphasized within the pilgrim sonnet, using a semantic use of words, attention is brought to reference of touch once again Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is prugd. The use of a formal convention of a sonnet and the emphasis of contact and physical intimacy create a new atmosphere. The next time the lovers meet is on Juliets balcony, where Romeo has trespassed on Capulet ground potentially causing a lot of danger, of which is Juliet is highly aware of If they do see thee, they will murder thee (Act II, Scene II). Romeo attempts to console Juliets fears through declaration of their being stronger than the physical power of Capulets kinsmen there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of there swords. Romeo tries to prove his love to Juliet by using a vow, again a conventional form of speech, yet Juliet immediately interrupt him and explains that no any convention but his gracious self can guarantee his true love. Romeos use of conventional language to Juliet arouses skepticism in the audience is this really true love, or just a sign of immaturity? JULIET: O swear not by the moon, thinconstant moon, That monthly changes in her orb, Lest that thy love prove likewise variable (Act II, Scene II) Romeo and Juliets characters are quite contradictive. Romeo, a more experienced lover, so overwhelmed with supposed love yet shows passivity and immaturity; though Juliet, completely inexperienced with love, behaves more skillfully and cautiously constantly aware of the danger that accompanies their love. This simple contradiction may possibly have stood as a hindrance to the development of love. Additionally within this scene, one must realize that Romeo displays his ignorance of the situation and fails to consider such as part of reality with loves light wings did I oerperach these walls. Romeos inability to distinguish reality from that of a surrealist perspective corresponds to the contrast between night and day. The time of day influences the relationship greatly, as I believe both Romeo and Juliet recognize. During the day while light is still shone upon the grounds, the feelings are running high, but night is possibly considered the time of calmness and ease, where love may take place. After the fateful quarrel occurring in act three, scene one, Juliet longs for the night, possibly relating such a time of day to satisfaction of feelings, especially in terms of Romeo Come night come Romeo come thou day in night (Act III, Scene II). I believe this is further emphasized after realizing that the lovers last meeting was the wedding-night before Romeo was exiled; their parting shows that to them, day is a foe to their love acting as a significant hindrance to the development of their love. JULIET: O now be gone, more light and light it grows ROMEO: More light and light: more dark and dark our woes (Act III, Scene V) Another addition to nights seemingly appearance to uphold peace and love, acting as obstacle of relationships development, is Romeos brief display of skepticism. As previously stated Romeos inability to distinguish reality from that of a surrealist perspective corresponds to the contrast between night and day as explained in the previous paragraph, as he feels that his love to Juliet is isolated away from ordinary life I am afeard, being in night, all this is but a dream. The use of language through the poetical conventions and the action of the first half of the play, clearly show that the plot rides upon two contrary levels. The concept of love is again questioned, if there is a love concept within this play surely it represents a rival idea to the ordinary aristocratic life of Verona, thus making the concept of love plainly a rival to the real world. Yet confusion is introduced when thinking that the intimate interaction and representation of love between Romeo and Juliet, seemingly being the rival of the real world, actually occurs within this real world. The two supposed rivals of love and society regularly alternate and this happens without a change of place. Thus the two rivals of love and society remain incompatible with exception of being unified in the individuals Romeo and Juliet and in time and place of setting but is their really a unification within Romeo and Juliet? I dont believe these two rivalling themes of love and society can neither coexist or be unified as they are incompatible, nonetheless can not be separated as they take place in one physical world. Therefore, if both levels are absolutely incompatible, a solution must be inevitable hence the tragic death of the star crossd lovers. Yet their deaths may have been this seemingly inevitable solution, as Romeo realizes after hearing of Juliets apparent death that the real world does not provide any room for the realization of their love. Therefore death is regarded the only place of reconciliation and it was in all ways. I dont think Shakespeare wished to provide a didactic message to the audience, yet wished to show how the conflict between love and society lead to Romeo and Juliets death. I believe the point of the play was not how love arose out of hatred and then triumph over it in death, but that it does. The plot shows that society and death are powers or forces that influenced the lives of Romeo and Juliet. Love was the basis upon the significant decisions made within the play; therefore power of love additionally belongs to these forces. In terms of the two rivalling themes, society regarded their love as a failure; yet the lovers defiance of society proved to be a great success in terms of the power of love.

Overview of Disease Diagnoses Processes

Overview of Disease Diagnoses Processes Alejandra Medinilla TASK 1 The aim of this work is to cover the whole process of disease diagnoses. In medicine, exist different ways to classify diseases as well as different test and procedures to diagnose them. The world health organization (WHO) plays a very important role here; since they created normalized classifications of diseases and disabilities, with specific codes to describe each of them with the purpose of simplify and standardize the process of diagnose 1.2. We are going to review the two most important models of health, used in medicine to explain illness. They help to predict and identify risks and consequences, make decisions and reduce the possibility of occurrence of an illness. Diseases can be classified in different ways, depending on the criteria taken into account; duration, distribution, pathology and aetiology are some examples. They are important in the compilation of statistics on causes of illness (morbidity) and causes of death (mortality). The most used classifications divided illnesses depending on the organs affected, nature and causes of the disease, risk of contagious and communicable and the occurrence and frequency of it. According to the British encyclopedia these classifications are: 1) topographic, (2) anatomic (3) physiological, (4) pathological (5) etiologic (6) juristic, (7) epidemiological and (8) statistical. (Stanley L. Robbins, Jonathan H. Robbins, Dante G. Scarpelli. 2013. Classifications of diseases [online]. Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/275628/human-disease/63272/Classifications-of-diseases) The WHO has a very important role in classifying disease. They develop the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC), with the ICD and ICF as core classifications. They are call the Normalized Classifications and are based on professional and scientific criteria. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a classification that uses different codes to differentiate symptoms, signs and illnesses. This classification allowed a global standardization making easier the diagnostic process. Each illness is classifying trough a code of 5 characters. The last version is the 10th, ICD-10, created in 1992. The 11th revision is running until 2015. The other classification created by the WHO is the ICF, which complements the ICD. This classification has two parts. One refers to functionality and disability and the other to conceptual factors. Both classify of the different states of illness/health within a standardize framework, with specific codes. On the other hand, more generally speaking, in 1997 was created the â€Å"triangle of health†. It classifies health, into social, mental or physical making emphasis on the importance of the three states together. We can define as Physical Health, to the body health; it refers to optimal weigh, vision, a healthy skin, and bones, tissues and organs, a good dental condition and a good neuro-muscular coordination. A person with physical health must able to do all his routine workwithout any difficulty. To evaluate the physical health of a person we can focus in different areas like life style (drug abuse, alcohol and tabaco habits, regular exercise, medical checkups), human biology (genetic and body chemistry), environment (the air we breathe and where we live) and medical services ( to prevent, detect and treat diseases). Mental Health – refers to the state of mind. It is the capability that a person has to manage stress and tension of daily life and keep a good attitude. Personal relationships with family and friends are a key aspect when trying to evaluate a person’s mental health. Mental health is essential requirement to make judgments, to possess discretion and to face and overcome the problems. The World Health Organization describes Mental Health as the â€Å"state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (WHO. December 2013. Mental health: a state of well-being [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/) And last, Social Health – which is the ability to function in society. It is in the ability to build positive and constructive relationships with peers. The social network of a person is a crucial indicator. Having no friends could lead to depression being more prone to manifest physical problems. In contrast, a person with strong relationships will feel more supported and accompanied. As a resume, a person could have a very good physical health, making exercises every day, eating healthy food and doing regular checkups with the doctor, but, if the person moves away from friends and social events to maintain this condition, this means luck of social health and could lead him to mental health problems in the future. In the process of diagnoses and establishing health and disease it is important to have knowledge and understanding of the Health research methods. Health research has been defined as â€Å"the process for obtaining systematic knowledge and technology which can be used for the improvement of the health of individual groups.† (Davies 1991, cited in A. Bowling 2002, p.3) Health research methods are used to obtain the necessary information to develop new tools and procedures that help to protect people from diseases or recover from them. Classifications of research methods are based on different criteria. Dankhe classification (1989) proposed 4 types of research studies: exploratory, descriptive, correlational and explanatory. In general depending on the role of the researcher we can have observational or experimental methods; according to the time when the data is collected or measured, prospective or retrospective; according to the number of occasions on which the variable is measured in the study, transversal or longitudinal and according to the number of variables under study, descriptive or analytic. Experimental studies are prospective studies; they evaluate the effect of one or more interventions. Frequently used in the assessment of therapeutic drugs and therapeutic interventions, being really careful with the ethic limits. They can be applied to the investigation of preventive measures of the disease, seeking to reduce individual risk. An example is the study that evaluates the effectiveness of a vaccine. On the other hand observational studies are those in which the patient is not assigned to an specific treatment or intervention, the evaluation is carried out according to a standard clinical practice, being therefore the researcher an observer of what is happening or has happened. Research involves a combination between the different types of research. Research methods are used in conjunction. As the WHO suggest â€Å"another way of classifying health research†¦ is to describe it under three operational interlinked categories of biomedical, health services and behavioral research, the so-called health research triangle† (WHO. 2001. Health research methodology. Chapter 1, p. 3) Multi-dimensional approaches are available for evaluating outcomes research. In evaluating research outcomes it is important to measure effectiveness, acceptability and humanity, equity and accessibility and efficiency. The evaluation of the data is made using the scientific method, and the collection of research data. Evaluation can be divided into two types: formative and summative. Formative evaluation is carried out during the investigation process. It aims to improve the methodology concentrating on the strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, Summative evaluation takes place at the end of the process. It determines achievement and other outcomes, to evaluate the continuity or not of the process or program. There are different ways to disseminate the results of a research. As a general rule it is better to plan at the beginning of the research which is going to be the dissemination strategies. It should be consider the goals and objectives of the dissemination, as well as the impact, the Audience, the Medium to best reach each the audience and the execution process. Ones we have the results of an investigation we need to concentrate in how they are going to be disclosed. The options are diverse, depending on the public we want to focus on. The most common and generally used is the publication of texts, could as scientific papers, in specialize magazines, newspapers or posters, leaflets and advertising for a more general public. In the field of health exist different Principles of Health modeling. Models are a simplification of reality. They help to predict, identify risks and consequences, make decisions and reduce the burden of illness. We can mention 2 important models, the Biomedical and the Biopsychosocial models. Both are theories that explain illness from different perspectives. The biomedical model assumes that disease is a deviation from normal biological functioning and biological mechanisms are sufficient to explain disease, excluding psychological and social processes. It is a reductionist and single-factor model; it reduces illness to low-level processes, such as disordered cells and chemical imbalances, and explains illness in terms of a biological malfunction. We can say that the Body was treated as a machine; Physical disease is measured by the absence of health. It is the one used to develop the classification of diseases. On the other hand, the Holistic or biopsychosocial model includes biological, psychological, and social factors as important determinants of health and illness. It maintains that health and illness are caused by multiple factors and produce multiple effects. So it is a multicausal model. Mind and body cannot be distinguished in matters of health and illness because both influence the state of health. The perception of wellbeing is influence by different factors. There are psychological and social factors that influence the development of illness, and these are ignored by the biomedical model since it take into account just the physical aspects of the problem. TASK 2 It is important to mention the difference between Diseases and Illnesses. A disease is a pathological condition of the body in response to disruption of homeostasis. It is a result of pathogens, trauma, physical and chemical agents, genetics (inheritance), metabolic or nutritional disorders, while an Illness is the condition of a person experiencing disease. In order to establish people’s health we need to follow different procedures and make various tests to be able to give diagnoses. Before we can proceed with a specific test or group of tests we need to look the Signs and symptoms the patient presents. Signs can be define as any indication of a medical condition that can be objectively observed and normally they have no meaning to the patient or they not even notice them. Signs can be detected during a physical examination. Elevated blood pressure is an example. 2.2 Symptoms on the other hand are recognized, experienced and referred by the patients. The patient feels something anomalous in his body. Examples of symptoms can be, feeling tired, low mood and energy, anxiety, nausea, dizziness, and drowsiness. Symptoms become key elements when any health professional want to make a diagnosis to a patient and give him treatment. As examples to clarify we can mention three examples. In the case of a headache, the patient is the only one capable to notice it so, it is a symptom; if we talk about blood pressure, this could only be a signs, since it needs to be measured by a doctor in a laboratory; and the one that could be both, a sign and a symptom is a rush. Ones we have observe and checked the signs and symptoms we are able to proceed with the correspondent diagnostic process. The diagnostic process includes all types of measurements and tests that are used to evaluate a patients condition, such as physiological measurements, laboratory tests and pathology tests, imaging tests and endoscopies. 2.1 Each form of diagnosis involves specific procedures and tests that we can summarize as: Laboratory tests: blood test, urine, and/or other body fluids. They are used to evaluate what is going on in the body and also in specific cases like cancer treatment, to evaluate the side effects like anaemia and neutropenia (low white blood cell count), which can increase the risk of infection. 2.1 Endoscopic tests: is a procedure performed with an endoscope (a flexible and very thin tube with a camera) to examine the inside of the body. The endoscope model varies depending on the part of the body that is going to be examined. Biopsy: is the removal of tissue, a very small amount to be examined under a microscope. There are different types of biopsies: Fine needle aspiration biopsy, Core needle biopsy, Vacuum-assisted biopsy, Image-guided biopsy and surgical biopsy. 2.1 Imaging tests: X-ray, bone scan, CT or CAT scan, Positron emission tomography (PET) scan, MRI and Ultrasound. 2.1 In practice, Multiple Tests are used. Choices depend on cost, invasiveness, volume of test, presence and capability of lab infrastructure, urgency, etc. As an example, to diagnose cancer the most common types of tests used are biopsy, imaging tests, endoscopic tests and laboratory tests. It is important to know that a disease could be developed in a normal or an abnormal way. That is the field of etiology, which in medicine refers to the factors coming together to cause a disease. As mention previously, a disease can have a normal or an abnormal aetiology. To clarify this concept we can observe the development of Diabetes. In general it could be describe as a chronic disease that occurs when the body loses the ability to produce enough insulin or use it effectively. We can divide this disease in 2 main groups. The first one includes the types of diabetes with normal aetiology and the second one with abnormal aetiology. In the 1st group (normal aetiology), the common forms of diabetes are Type 1 diabetes (T1D, known as insulin-dependent diabetes or IDDM) and Type 2 diabetes. In Type 1, the pancreatic cells produce little or no insulin. Its causes are not precisely known but are believed to be an autoimmune reaction. It can occur at any age, but usually occurs before the age of 30. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) usually develops slowly over time. Most people with this disease are overweight at the time of diagnosis. The increment of body fat makes it difficult for the body to use insulin the right way. It can also occur in thin people and are more common in the elderly. It is the most common form of diabetes. 2.3 The 2nd group involves the types of diabetes with abnormal aetiology. In general these types present a gene mutation and some grade of inheritance. We can mention MODY (Maturity onset diabetes of the young) and GDM (Gestational diabetes). (MODY) is a rare form of diabetes that runs strongly in families. It is caused by an inherited genetic defect, an autosomal inheritance (3 generations of the same family affected) of the insulin-producing cells. After the Type 1 diabetes it is the most frequency type within infants. GDM is first developed during pregnancy, usually appears in mid-pregnancy. The body cannot produce or use enough insulin. It is of very high risk for the pregnancy, so it needs to be controlled. Gestational diabetes can be controlled with a healthy diet and regular exercise, but sometimes the mother will also need insulin. Normally it disappears after delivery, but the mother has more risks of developing diabetes type 2 in the future. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bowling, Ann. Research methods in health: investigating health and health services– 2nd ed. Open University Press, Buckingham †¢ Philadelphia. David Blane, Mel Bartley, George Davey Smith ; Disease aetiology and materialist explanations of socioeconomic mortality differentials; Inequities in health European Journal of Public Health. 1997; 7: 3S5-391 D. A. Collier and J. L. Treasure, The aetiology of eating disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry (2004), 185, 363-365 Donald M. Steinwachs, Ronda G. Hughes, Chapter 8. Health Services Research: Scope and Significance. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses: Vol. 1 Institute of Alcohol Studies (2007) Alcohol and Mental Health. L Rychetnik, M Frommer, P Hawe, A Shiell, Criteria for evaluating evidence on public health interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56:119–127 Ross and Wilson (2006), Anatomy and Physiology in health and illness, 10th edition Elsevier. R Bonita, R Beaglehole, T Kjellstrà ¶m, Basic epidemiology, WHO, 2nd edition. Saffrey and Stewart (eds) (2001) Maintaining The Whole: Human Biology and Health Book 3, The Open University, Chapter 7. The World health organization (2001) Mental health : new understanding, new hope. Tortora (2003) Introduction to the Human Body: The essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Edition, Wiley Sons. Hawkes, C. (2002) Globalization, Diets and Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization. WHO, Health Research Methodology: A guide for training in research methods. Second Edition. WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, 2001. World Health Organization, 2001. ICF International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. WHO, Geneve. WHO (1993) The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Diagnostic Criteria for research. WHO, Geneva. World Health Organization (2002) Globalization, Diets and Noncommunicable Diseases.

Beauty & The Matrix :: Movie Film Compare Contrast Essays

Beauty & The Matrix Do you remember the story of Sleeping Beauty? A beautiful girl who had a curse put upon her at her Christening. She was to die by the prick of a spinning needle on her 16th Birthday. Her fairy aunts hid her from the curse and she was raised not knowing her real fate. Then of course she fell under the curse and could only be awakened by her true love. Who could forget this enchanting story? Beauty, by Sheri S. Tepper is just like that Sleeping Beauty story but with a twist around every corner. The movie The Matrix is an action pact adventure of a young man named Neo who was taken from his normal life style; and transformed to fit another one. In many different ways does Beauty coincide with the movie The Matrix. A few of them are that they have very similar worlds, according to clothes, food, and daily activities. Morpheus from The Matrix is just like Elladine from the novel Beauty. In the book Beauty the main characters name is also Beauty and in the movie The Matrix the main character is Neo. In the novel Beauty, Beauty is in search of her fairy mother, Elladine, that she hasnt seen since she was a baby. Elladine is Beautys key to unlock the secrets of the fairyland to Beauty. Beauty doesnt know anything about being a fairy except that she is part fairy and some unexplainable strange things have been happening inside her. Elladine, Beautys mother, is the only one who can show Beauty everything there is to know about the fairy life. Elladine will show her the magic to seeing how beautiful the fairyland is and how special Beauty is to be part of this magical land. In the movie The Matrix, a man named Morpheus is the one who found Neo and guides him through his new life. Morpheus believes in Neo enough to take him out of his normal world and introduce him to the Matrix. Morpheus believes that Neo with the right training and mental building will make the right decisions and in the end turn out to be the one. Morpheus guides Neo through the Matrix and teaches him all the things he needs to know about the Matrix. Just like Elladine teaches Beauty about the fairyland. Morpheus and Elladine are very similar characters in these ways; they act in the same part, a teacher and mentor to a younger person.

Romeo and Juliet: Imagery of Love :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

William Shakespeare's play, "The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet," is the story of two "star crossed" lovers who both meet a tragic end. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy; however, the poetic and vivid manner in which Shakespeare engages the viewer or reader make this a beautiful play. The story of Romeo and Juliet is timeless, and it has provided a model for many other stories. The story line or plot in Romeo and Juliet is well loved by many around the world, but that is not what gives the play its special quality. Just as in most of Shakespeare's plays, words and phrases with double meanings, imagery and poetry are all used to create a play that is not only a pleasure for the eyes, but one for the ears and mind as well. The following statement by Romeo in act one scene one provides a good example of this: Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs, Being purg'd, a fire sparkling in lover's eyes, Being vex'd, a sea nourish'd with loving tears. What is it else? A madness most discreet, A c hoking gall, and a preserving sweet (Riverside, 1.1.190-193). Shakespeare's use of these components is exquisite and allows for much deeper involvement by the reader or viewer. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses imagery in the forms of lightness and darkness, animals, and plants or herbs to provide the reader or viewer with a more vivid and enjoyable experience. Lightness and Darkness Imagery of lightness and darkness is used extensively throughout Romeo and Juliet to symbolize and/or describe events that take place. Capulet describes the party he is planning with lightness and darkness, "Earth-treading stars that make dark heaven light"(1.2.25). Stars continue to have a role in the play as Juliet mentions her own death she claims, Take him and cut him out in little stars, And he will make the face of heaven so fine That all the world will be in love with the night, And pay no worship to the garish sun(3.2.22-25). It seems that Juliet, unknowingly, is describing the future in a s ymbolic sense. Later in the play, after Romeo is banished from Verona for the slaying of Tybalt, he and Juliet exchange lines that are full of light imagery. As the dawn is approaching, Romeo describes the view, "Look, love, what envious streaks / Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east / Night's candles are burnt out .

Computerized Physician Order Entry Essay

CPOE stands for Computerized Physician Order Entry and it is the feature of the electronic health record that improves quality of care, patient safety, and clinical efficiency. The CPOE can help the improvement of the medical workflow process in many kinds of ways. This is because the CPOE monitors any generating of related orders, any duplicate orders, prevent lost orders, eliminates any errors due to handwriting that is hard to read, reduce medication errors, reduce time that is spent filling orders, and improve productivity in the doctor’s office. Results that are computerized improve the medical workflow process because it eliminates any lagging time that is spent. This leaves more time for the patient to spend more time with the doctor and be treated faster. These results are easier to access rather than flipping through paper file. Having these improvements are beneficial to the patient. CPOE protects all patients because it helps reduces the medication errors of drug allergies, dosage issues, and interactions with drug to drug. With Computerized Physician Order Entry systems it detects all interactions and allergies and alerts them to the pharmacy. Once the alert comes in, the pharmacist will call the doctor and get it fixed before anything seriously bad would happen when the patient takes their medication. Thanks to CPOE, all these alerts help with saving lives. There are many benefits that come with the CPOE. One benefit is that it improves all documentation that is received by the ancillary department in the medical field. It reduces the mistakes that are made with the misinterpretation of prescription orders. With the CPOE, there is no need for re-entry of any data into the system of the ancillary department. Another great benefit is that it reduces all medical errors dealing with medications. When it comes to the medical field, CPOE helps catch all drug allergies that patients may have and any drug to drug interactions. The CPOE is the best benefit that a patient can have. The CPOE is so efficient that it allows doctors to spend more time treating patients instead of writing notes in the patient’s files. The doctor has more time to come up with a treatment plan for the patient and they would be able to sit there to explain it to them better. The CPOE can be time consuming and cost money. Once a medical facility passes the time and the cost then they would see the great benefits to the facility and to their patients. In conclusion, the Computerized Physician Order Entry will help with the improvement of a facility’s safety and care standards. That would give the patients satisfaction of their doctor and their treatment. The medical facility would also appreciate how easy the system is to use and the medical personnel would appreciate how much time they are saving with the system so they can attend to important matters. Technology in the medical field is going to continue to grow every year and it will focus on the patients and the medical staff.

Dch Logistics

DCH Logistics Planning for La Cafetiere What are the advantages of having a bonded Warehouse and how can it help in doing international business? A Bonded Warehousing can be defined as storage, manipulation, or further manufacturing of dutiable goods in a building or other secured area without the payment of duty on it. Advantage: Goods can stay in a bonded warehouse for an unlimited period of time, and no import duties and VAT will have to be paid until the moment they are actually imported into free circulation in the EU, e. g. o be transported to a customer. – You get the possible suspension of certain trade policy measure (license, ID, †¦ ) – You get a significant cash advantage, because the fees and charges are payable only when goods are released for consumption, – Your competitiveness is increased in the case of re-export to third countries, since tariffs have not affected the cost.Customs duties and VAT at import are only paid in the country of desti nation, and double payment is avoided -Goods kept in bonded warehouse are used as collateral security for bank loan. Goods kept in bonded warehouse are safe and are free from the fear of being stolen or damaged. All those advantages are useful to do international business What are the common logistics issues faced by multinational companies? Common logistic issues that multinational companies often have to cope with : * Late delivery * Bad or poor infrastructure in some countries: to receive the goods, road, hardboard†¦ * Environmental/political issues in the host country, Regional trade agreements * Legal : trade regulation & standars Trade protection mechanisms, Tariffs , Quotas, Voluntary export restriction, Local content requirements, Health/environmental regulations, Government procurement policies * Customs procedures and regulations as well as cross-border points infrastructure and operations * Quality management is often done in the origin country which lead to high transport cost * Cultural difference * Lack of business network when developing on a new market * Currency risks What benefits can La Cafetiere get from DCH Logistics?DCH know how to deal with Chinese market, have experience with international trade; lot of modern warehouses and infrastructures, distribution center and bonded warehouses.. Offering also packaging services In Xinhui LC together with an array of follow up arrangements, including quality control, warehousing, inventory, shipment transportation and sales responses. Kuk was trying to come up with an attractive solution for La Cafetipre’s late delivery problems. In addition he wanted to explain the benefits of a solution involving DCH Logistics.La Cafetiere can get benefits from DCH Logistics because one the one hand the Chinese market is growing very quickly and on the other hand, this market correspond perfectly to the strategy of La Cafetiere who wants to propose new products, adapted to this new market. Moreove r, nowadays, China is a cross trade place where all countries come in order to do business. It’s today a central point for the manufacturing and the trading thanks to the work and the financial power of this country.Basically, what a 3PL can bring to a company is the opportunity to focus on their core competency, in oder to achieve better quality, time management, and reduce the Total cost of ownership of their product. Here DCH logistics offer to la cafetiere to take care of the implementation of facilities on the Asian market in order to reduce their delivery time, especially when it comes to reverse logistics since quality management is operated in UK. Then DCH also offer La cafetiere a storage solution with the bonded warehousing hat will allow la cafetiere to saves up on inventory/ storage cost/ facilities implementation. Overall we can say that DCH is bringing La cafetiere opportunities to develop their market in Asia, allowing them to continue to produce high end goods , and to develop in a new area, without experiencing the â€Å"starting up† problem that are link to new implementation such as : * Warehouse implementation * Reverse logistics problem * Tax on manufacture goods * Business network Reputation in the new country What should DCH Logistics do to develop its business further? DCH is a 3PL, which means that the network they build in a particular area is their main assets, aside from their experience and reputation, that is their â€Å"Trust insurance† for company that want to implement in the area â€Å"mastered† by the 3PL. Here DCH is really well integrated in the Asian business network, and have developed their infrastructure in strategic area.They offer bonded warehousing for their client, business network and facilities: * Distribution center * Packaging services * Stock management and facilities. These are the 3 main option DCH are offering, if they want to develop their business, there is a lot of services they can bring up to their future client. A. Increase their range of solution. 1. Logistics of Transport : Invest and develop a software that is able to esign best route for transport in the area they are operating, which will be sold as a â€Å"Solution for transport† to the companies they are working with. In the same idea, they can decide to invest in Transport assets such as truck, or cross docking platform, which will allow them to offered the total transport logistics to a company that is willing to develop its business in the particular area, or just a part of the transport, since they will have fragmented the chain of transport into different level of solution. 2.Reverse logistics: Build an infrastructure that cope with international standard of quality, that offer the reverse logistics solution such as : * Fluctuating product (return from clients, reparation) * Eco-Treatment of unusable product (recycling) * Partnership with other manufacturer to resell part of the produ ct that are re-usable. * Platform of quality management dedicated to the partner for installing their quality management service in order to reduce transport cost and delivery time. B. Implement their business in a different area. . Such as Europe, since they can work with la cafetiere they will be allowed to gather information about the way European are working and can bring up a case study of â€Å"Is working with European is worth it ? † 2. United State, since it’s the core business area of the world, and also because entrepreneurship is extremely developed in this particular area, starting up company often need to outsource a part of their logistics, since they need to focus on their core competency in order to gain market share.

How the Media Gives the Pit Bull a Bad Name

Dog breeders are often confronted with the truth that the media have no idea about dog breeds. Neither do they have an idea of what makes a â€Å"dangerous dog†. Due to their misreporting of facts regarding various breeds, they have instilled an unwarranted fear in society when it comes to certain dogs, most specially, the pit bull. No dog is untrainable nor are they born vicious. Although most dogs are sociable, loving and fun, dogs like the Pit Bull are genetically predisposed to animal aggression.There are actually several breeds of the Pit Bull that include the Terrier line like the American Staffordshire Terrier, American Pit Bull, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Bull Terrier and the American Bulldog. Once the poster dog representing America in the World Wars, the breed has gone from a beloved breeds used on television shows from Our Gang to Little House on the Prarie, to headlines of your local newscasts.The media has represented the breed as a vicious attack dog eve n as Pit Bulls continue to work in the armed services, search and rescue efforts, therapy, and dog competitions. If a Pit Bull were truly a vicious animal, it is really doubtful that it would be the breed of choice for any of these human interaction services.   The Pit Bull is normally of a tenacious, courageous nature and displays a love for their humans. It takes a huge commitment on the master's part to train such a breed. But the training is eventually worth it. The dog just cannot mingle with other dogs due to the aggression the dog poses toward its fellow dogs.The media needs to be educated to some facts about the Pit Bull. Such as, even though the Put Bull ranks number one in breeds in the USA, it does not rank number 1 in biting. The Golden Retriever has been proven to be the more aggressive dog. A Pit Bull posing a danger to children is also a myth that the media propagates. No dog should ever be left unsupervised in the company of children.Pit Bulls have also become the staple of urban mythology because people tend to fear the way they look even though the dog is of a small size. It has not helped that media reports have fuelled the hype that has seen the breed become one of the most persecuted breeds today. Dog attacks are most often the result of bad breeding and training.If a dog farm raises the Pit Bull, one can assume that the dog has led a rough life full of mistreatment and neglect. That is not the case for all the dogs of this breed. Sadly, people would rather believe the worst of the dog rather than give it a chance to prove that is loving, kind, and playful. Pit Bull bites are over hyped and not representative of the real Pit Bull situation. According to the website Save the Pits! :The 2004 statistics from the American Temperament Test Association show that 83.4% of American Pit Bull Terriers passed the temperament test. This is higher than the Beagle (78.2%) and the Border Collie (79.6%). The temperament test consists of putting the dog through a series of confrontational situations – if the dog reacts aggressively or fearfully, it fails.Those who report the news have to understand that there is a difference between Animal Aggression and Human Aggression. The truth of the matter is that dogs themselves can differentiate the two aggression types. Put Bulls are unlawfully bred and trained by unscrupulous breeders to participate in dog fights so animal aggression exists in the breed. Pit Bulls love human interaction and are not even capable of differentiating between a pet loving human and a potential attacker. In the event it does bite a human, it can be rehabilitated by an animal behaviorist.The media continues to tarnish the Pit Bulls reputation with unwarranted reports. The public must be educated about Pit Bull misconceptions because the media has never been known to be receptive of anybody telling them they are wrong.The Pit Bull is easily confused with about 10 other breeds. There have been actual bite r eports done that report a Pit Bull as the attacker but later investigations prove it was not a Pit Bull. The media does not bother to report that.Sensationalist reporting by the media has turned the Pit Bull into an under dog. Dog bites are blown out of proportion with headlines that strike fear in the reader's hearts.   The reason for this is clearly explained by the Save the Pits! Article:Thanks to the media and general sensationalism, the Pit Bull is a newsworthy dog. In this country, bad news makes the national papers and sells more than good news, which just tends to make the local papers. The media has transformed the Pit Bull from what it used to be – America's favorite dog – into the devil dog that it is today. No one wants to see a story with the title ‘Man bitten by Labrador' or ‘Man bitten by Jack Russell'. Stories involving Pit Bulls are much more newsworthy, and unfortunately their popularity does not seem to be waning.Until dog breeders, tra iners, and owners can find an effective way to stop the maligning of the Pit Bull by the media, the poor dog will be unjustly accused of and punished crimes it is not capable of committing.Work CitedPit Bull Training Secrets. 2006. PitBullTrainingSecrets.US. February 23, 2007Animals and Pets. Save the Pits!.February 23, 2007 http://www.care2.com/c2c/group/Pit_lovePet Orphans of Southern California. Dangerous Breeds. February 23, 2007 http://www.petorphans.org/infamous.sh

The effects of having a Facebook profile

Facebook. com was created in 2004 and has quickly become a college phenomenon. Lately, it has transformed from a small Harvard students-only project into an exclusive 600 million users strong social portal, offering a window into the people's lives. Facebook, on its most basic level, redefines social networking and allows users to create and maintain virtual profiles that contain personal, academic and contact information. In many ways, Facebook has impacted on the social life and activity of people. The most common effects of having a Facebook profile are the lack of privacy, getting into addiction and neglecting the real, social life. To begin with, one of the major effects of using Facebook is the lack of privacy. Facebook's profiles are full of personal information like who people are, where do they work, what is their favorite music, movie or book. What religion and political beliefs are they. Moreover, there is also information where do people live and study. People share much of privacy, not only with their friends, but with strangers as well. Users upload their photos, let others to recognize them, consequently let others to know where do they party or who do they meet. Not by accident people say â€Å"Show me your Facebook profile and I will tell you, who you are†. Another effect of having a Facebook profile is a problem of addiction to the social network. Indeed, people wake up on a Saturday morning with their cup of coffee, caressing their senses and relaxing their brains. Sitting at their desk and browsing on Facebook. They have 20 new notifications since the previous night, a few group invitations, a suggested page, 5 friend requests, few of which are unknown persons. What is more, they do it everyday, spend major time chatting, searching, poking people on Facebook. They stay indoors, plugged to the web, try to stay in touch with the news. Whether they realize it or not, Facebook is a real part of their lives, a real partner that they see for good morning and kiss for good night. The last but not least effect of having a Facebook profile is neglecting the real, social life. First of all, it is quite easy to become one of many who have virtual relationships and before people realize it, they start to treat Facebook as their everyday social world. This, often results in a fear of real life meetings, as people who type a million words online, can find it difficult to express them-selves in real life. Moreover, it is very common that people add other users of Facebook as their friends, barely knowing them and they pretend to have a lot of friends, when in fact, they know just few of them in real life. To sum up, Facebook is becoming more and more popular, virtual, gigantic social machine. But life is to live and there are thousand of things waiting for people in the real life, nevertheless, they still decide to live on a Facebook profile which strongly affects their lives. The major effects of having a Facebook profile are the lack of privacy, getting into addiction and neglecting the real, social life.

Josh Hamilton Book

Justin Michael CabanEnglish 10 Mrs. MeyerBook Report For my 1st quarter book report I read â€Å"Beyond Belief† which is written by Josh Hamilton. Hamilton is a Major league baseball player who now plays for the Texas Rangers and was named MVP two short season’s ago. Josh is a premier center fielder and the captain of his team, for the average person you may think Mr. Hamiliton lives the ordinary life of a sports star , the pretty women , fancy cars , huge house’s and the six figure pay checks.Even though this may be true, living an everyday lifestyle was extremely difficult for Josh throughout his whole life , you would think someone who is so well respected and idolized by many fans throughout the world would try to live up to his expectations, but that was not the case for Josh , he was addicted to cocaine and struggled with many other addictions such as alcoholism and having anger issues with his loved ones. Josh wrote this book to express his feelings and gi ve readers a point of view on how thing’s may not also be the same as it seems.So next time you judge someone just by their appearance, financial situation or even idolizing someone just by the way they perform a certain thing, you might want to think that over. Josh Hamilton of the Texas Rangers who made last year’s all-star team and hit a record 28 home runs in one round of the Home Run Derby has a lot more than All Star memories to be thankful for. He is alive, reunited with his family and back in baseball, which only a few years ago seemed impossible since he was in the middle of dealing with a cocaine addiction.Josh was drafted in 1999 by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays , as a young kid , Josh stunned all different kinds of people with his skill for the game of baseball , reaching nearly 80 mph on a pitching gun at age 12 meant he was destined to play in the MLB at one point or another. When Josh was drafted in 1999 he as well as others expected him to be an automatic fi rst round pick , which he was but instead of going right to work with his new team , Josh was sidelined, not by his coach , but by his devastating addiction to cocaine. The MLB has a very strict drug policy and there players are constantly found =. are serve a suspension of 50 games.